Table 2.
Characteristics of the participants by diabetic neuropathy status.
| Diabetic neuropathy | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | No (n = 2003) | Yes (n = 730) | P |
| Gender, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Female | 1,052 (52.52) | 440 (60.27) | |
| Male | 951 (47.48) | 290 (39.73) | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 53.44 (9.31) (n = 2,000) |
53.99 (8.71) (n = 729) |
0.170 |
| Location of Residence, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Rural | 336 (16.77) | 58 (7.95) | |
| Urban | 1,665 (83.13) | 672 (92.05) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.10) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.005 | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 1,482 (73.99) | 500 (68.49) | |
| Single/widowed/divorced | 518 (25.86) | 228 (31.23) | |
| Missing | 3 (0.15) | 2 (0.27) | |
| Higher education, n (%) | 0.280 | ||
| No | 1,370 (68.40) | 515 (70.55) | |
| Yes | 633 (31.60) | 215 (29.45) | |
| Family income status, n (%) | 0.500 | ||
| No regular income | 340 (16.97) | 116 (15.89) | |
| Regular income | 1,662 (82.98) | 614 (84.11) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.05) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.520 | ||
| Never | 1,282 (64.00) | 458 (62.74) | |
| Ever | 438 (21.87) | 175 (23.97) | |
| Current | 274 (13.68) | 96 (13.15) | |
| Missing | 9 (0.45) | 1 (0.14) | |
| Exercise (at least weekly), n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 713 (35.60) | 390 (53.42) | |
| Yes | 1,274 (63.60) | 338 (46.30) | |
| Missing | 16 (0.80) | 2 (0.27) | |
| Family history of diabetes, years | 0.370 | ||
| No | 685 (34.20) | 264 (36.16) | |
| Yes | 1,312 (65.50) | 466 (63.84) | |
| Missing | 6 (0.30) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Duration of diabetes, mean (SD) | 8.05 (6.42) (n = 1,933) |
10.91 (7.16) (n = 720) |
<0.001 |
| Insulin use, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 1,298 (64.80) | 280 (38.36) | |
| Yes | 699 (34.90) | 449 (61.51) | |
| Missing | 6 (0.30) | 1 (0.14) | |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 7.97 (2.37) (n = 1,655) |
8.70 (2.15) (n = 617) |
<0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 632 (31.55) | 171 (23.42) | |
| Yes | 1,371 (68.45) | 559 (76.58) | |
| Antihypertensive drugs use, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 859 (42.89) | 223 (30.55) | |
| Yes | 1,118 (55.82) | 493 (67.53) | |
| Missing | 26 (1.30) | 14 (1.92) | |
| SBP, mean (SD), mmHg | 130.54 (17.87) (n = 1,944) | 133.09 (18.70) (n = 708) | 0.001 |
| DBP, mean (SD), mmHg | 79.38 (10.33) (n = 1,941) |
80.82 (10.68) (n = 708) |
0.002 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 28.63 (5.96) (n = 1,973) |
29.43 (6.20) (n = 725) |
0.002 |
| Depressive symptoms, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 1,731 (86.42) | 526 (72.05) | |
| Yes | 259 (12.93) | 200 (27.40) | |
| Missing | 13 (0.65) | 4 (0.55) | |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 1,710 (85.37) | 481 (65.89) | |
| Yes | 288 (14.38) | 246 (33.70) | |
| Missing | 5 (0.25) | 3 (0.41) | |