TABLE 3.
Performance of PMCA and RT-QuIC for PrPSc detectionin non-brain samples from human patients with TSEs.
| Study | Assay | Body Fluid | Sensitivity | Specificity |
| Atarashi et al., 2011 | RT-QuIC | CSF | 80% (sCJD) | 100% |
| McGuire et al., 2012 | RT-QuIC | CSF | 87% (sCJD) | 100% |
| Sano et al., 2013 | RT-QuIC | CSF | 83% (gCJD), 90% (GSS), 83% (FFI) | NP |
| Orrú et al., 2014 | RT-QuIC | Olfactory mucosa | 97% (sCJD), 100% (gCJD) | 100% |
| RT-QuIC | CSF | 79% (sCJD), 50% (gCJD) | 100% | |
| Moda et al., 2014 | PMCA | Urine | 93% (vCJD) | 100% |
| Orrú et al., 2015a | IQ-CSF | CSF | 96% (sCJD) | 100% |
| Cramm et al., 2016 | RT-QuIC | CSF | 80% (sCJD), 100% (gCJD), 57% (FFI) | 99% |
| Bougard et al., 2016 | PMCA | Plasma | 100% (vCJD) | 100% |
| McGuire et al., 2016 | RT-QuIC | CSF | 86%–100% (sCJD) | 100% |
| Concha-Marambio et al., 2016 | PMCA | Blood | 100% (vCJD) | 100% |
| Foutz et al., 2017 | IQ-CSF | CSF | 92%–95% (sCJD), 93%–100% (gCJD) | 99–100% |
| Bongianni et al., 2017 | RT-QuIC | Olfactory mucosa | 97% (sCJD), 75% (gCJD/GSS) | 100% |
| RT-QuIC | CSF | 72% (sCJD), 57% (gCJD/GSS) | NP | |
| IQ-CSF | CSF | 86% (sCJD), 50% (gCJD) | 100% | |
| RT-QuIC + IQ-CSF | CSF | 95% (sCJD), 71% (gCJD/GSS) | 100% | |
| RT-QuIC + IQ-CSF | Olfactory mucosa + CSF | 100% (sCJD), 75% (gCJD/GSS) | 100% | |
| Groveman et al., 2016 | RT-QuIC | CSF | 73% (sCJD) | 100% |
| IQ-CSF | CSF | 94% (sCJD) | 100% | |
| Franceschini et al., 2017 | IQ-CSF | CSF | 92% (sCJD), 100% (gCJD), 100% (iCJD), 25% (vCJD), 33% (GSS), 0% (FFI), 100% (VPSPr) | 100% |
| Redaelli et al., 2017 | PMCA | Olfactory mucosa | 100% (FFI) | 100% |
| RT-QuIC | Olfactory mucosa | 100% (FFI/sCJD/iCJD) | 100% | |
| Orrú et al., 2017 | RT-QuIC | Dermatome skin | 88%–94% (sCJD) | 100% |
| Rudge et al., 2018 | RT-QuIC | CSF | 89% (sCJD) | 100% |
| Hermann et al., 2018 | RT-QuIC | CSF | 89% (sCJD) | 100% |
| Abu-Rumeileh et al., 2019 | RT-QuIC | CSF | 83% (sCJD), 86% (gCJD) | 100% |
| IQ-CSF | CSF | 97% (sCJD), 100% (gCJD) | 100% | |
| Metrick et al., 2019 | RT-QuIC | Olfactory mucosa | 100% (sCJD) | 100% |
| Fiorini et al., 2020 | RT-QuIC | Olfactory mucosa | 91% (sCJD) | 100% |
| IQ-CSF | CSF | 96% (sCJD) | 100% | |
| RT-QuIC + IQ-CSF | Olfactory mucosa + CSF | 100% (sCJD) | 100% |
Abbreviations: CJD, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; FFI, fatal familial insomnia; gCJD, genetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease;GSS, Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome; iCJD, iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease; IQ-CSF, improved RT-QuIC for CSF (2nd generation); NP, not performed; PMCA, protein misfolding cyclic amplification; RT-QuIC, real-time quaking-induced conversion; sCJD, sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease; vCJD, variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.