Table 3.
Historical risk factors for self-harm in prison
| Studies analysed (k) | Participants (n) | OR (95% CI) | z score | p value | Heterogeneity (I2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Childhood abuse (<18 years of age) | |||||||
| Sexual | 4 | 1325 | 3·9 (2·0–7·5) | 4·0 | <0·0001 | 57% | |
| Physical | 3 | 1183 | 3·2 (1·4–7·0) | 2·9 | 0·0044 | 75% | |
| Emotional | 4 | 3453 | 3·0 (1·9–4·9) | 4·5 | <0·0001 | 71% | |
| Any abuse | 6 | 9481 | 2·1 (1·8–2·5) | 8·9 | <0·0001 | 0% | |
| Family history of suicide | 3 | 382 | 3·0 (1·4–6·5) | 2·9 | 0·0041 | 0% | |
| Sexual abuse ever | 5 | 4985 | 2·9 (1·9–4·5) | 4·7 | <0·0001 | 55% | |
| Local authority care | 3 | 1161 | 2·4 (1·6–3·5) | 4·2 | <0·0001 | 0% | |
| Family history of self-harm | 4 | 1708 | 1·9 (1·5–2·5) | 4·8 | <0·0001 | 0% | |
I2 represents the percentage of variability in estimates of effect size that is attributable to between-study variation (heterogeneity). OR=odds ratio.