Table 1. Studies evaluating patients with restenosis after CEA.
| Author | No. of patients | Symptomatic patient selection | Treatment options | Restenosis N. pts./time of follow-up (median-months) | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lepore et al., 1998 (45) | 43 | Yes | rCEA [15] | 4 pts (23 m) | Stroke, CNI, death |
| CAS [28] | 3 pts (6 m) | TIA, stroke | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hobson et al., 1999 (46) | 30 | Yes | rCEA [14] | 1 pt (30 m) | CNI, neck hematoma |
| CAS [16] | 1 pt (11 m) | Hypotension, bradycardia, incomplete stent apposition in patch-dilated carotid artery | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bowser et al., 2003 (47) | 77 | Yes | rCEA [27] | 2 pts (39 m) | CNI, neck hematoma, bleeding, stroke |
| CAS [50] | 4 pts (26 m) | Death, bleeding, TIA, stroke, intracranial embolus | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bettendorf et al., 2007 (48) | 76 | Yes | rCEA [43] | 6 pts (39 m) | Stroke, TIA, infection, CNI, bleeding, seizure |
| CAS [33] | 3 pts (12 m) | Technical failure, TIA, stroke, IRA, dysrhythmia, pseudoaneurysm | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antonello et al., 2008 (49) | 56 | Yes | rCEA [19] | None (36 m) | Stroke, CNI |
| CAS [37] | None (38 m) | Stroke, TIA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AbuRhama et al., 2010 (50) | 192 | Yes | rCEA [72] | 4 pts (33 m) | Stroke, TIA, bleeding, CNI |
| CAS [120] | 7 pts (34 m) | Stroke, TIA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attigah et al., 2010 (51) | 79 | Yes | rCEA [38] | 4 pts (70.3 m) | Stroke, TIA |
| CAS [41] | 1 pts (24.8 m) | TIA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dorigo et al., 2013 (39) | 99 | Yes | rCEA [41] | 7 pts (24 m) | IMA, CNI, neck hematoma |
| CAS [58] | 3 pts (3 m) | none | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fokkema et al., 2014 (52) | 432 | Yes | rCEA [212] | 5.2% (12 m) | CNI, wound infection, bleeding |
| CAS [220] | 3% (12 m) | Technical failure, access site complications, bradyarrhythmia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marques de Marino et al., 2016 (53) | 44 | Yes | rCEA [23] | 6 pts (86 m) | TIA, CNI |
| CAS [21] | 2 pts (38 m) | None | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arhuidese et al., 2017 (54) | 2863 | Yes | rCEA [1,047] | NA | CNI, wound infection, stroke, death |
| CAS [1,816] | NA | Access site complications, technical failure, stroke, death | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaudry et al., 2016 (55) | 153 | Yes | CAS | 16 pts (26 m) | TIA, stroke, ICA spasms, groin hematoma, mental confusion, bradycardia |
| Aburahma et al., 2001 (56) | 81 | Yes | rCEA [58] | None (22 m) | Stroke, TIA, CNI, bleeding |
| CAS [23] | 6 pts (18 m) | Stroke, TIA, bleeding, death | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lanzino et al.,1999 (57) | 21 | Yes | PTA± stenting | 4 pts (27 m) | TIA, femoral artery pseudoaneurysm |
| Radak et al., 2014 (58) | 319 | Yes | PTA± stenting | 14 pts (49.8 m) | TIA, stroke, arterial spasm, stent thrombosis, CCA dissection, access site hematoma |
| Piccoli et al., 2015 (59) | 18 | No | DEB angioplasty | None (18 m) | TIA, access site hematoma |
BA, balloon-angioplasty; CAS, carotid angioplasty and stenting; CB-PTA, cutting balloon percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; CEA, carotid endarterectomy; CNI, cranial nerve injury; DEB, drug-eluting balloon angioplasty; PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.