Table 4. Characteristics of high-risk patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.
| Imaging/clinical parameter | OR/HR (95% CI), P value |
|---|---|
| Spontaneous embolization on TCD | 7.46 (2.24–24.89), 0.001 |
| Plaque echolucency on Duplex US | 2.61 (2.98–4.63), 0.001 |
| Spontaneous emboli on TCD + echolucency | 10.61 (2.98–37.82), 0.0003 |
| Progression of stenosis (50–99% stenoses) | 1.92 (1.14–3.25), 0.05 |
| Progression of stenosis (70–99% stenoses) | 4.7 (2.3–9.6), 0.01 |
| Silent infarction on CT (60–99% stenoses) | 3.0 (1.46–6.29), 0.002 |
| Impaired CBF reserve (70–99% stenoses) | 6.14 (2.77–4.95), <0.01 |
| Juxtaluminal black plaque area (<4, 4–8, 8–10, >10 mm2) | P for trend <0.001 |
| Intraplaque hemorrhage on MRI | 3.66 (2.77–4.95), <0.01 |
| Contralateral stroke/TIA | 3.0 (1.9–4.73), 0.0001 |
(Reproduced by permission of BMJ from: Naylor AR, Ricco JB, de Borst GJ, et al. Editor’s Choice - Management of Atherosclerotic Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease: 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018;55:3-81). TCD, transcranial Doppler; TIA, transient ischemic attack; US, ultrasound; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.