Table 2. Statistical differences between EV bleeding and non-EV bleeding groups within 1 year.
| Variables | EV bleeding, n=539 (7.92%) | Non-EV bleeding, n=6,264 (92.08%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 404 (74.95) | 4,426 (70.66) | 0.0349 |
| Age [years, mean (SD)] | 56.81 (14.20) | 59.18 (12.39) | <0.001 |
| Etiology, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| HBV | 194 (35.99) | 2,887 (46.10) | |
| HCV | 105 (19.48) | 1,228 (19.60) | |
| Alcohol | 76 (14.10) | 574 (9.16) | |
| Others$ | 164 (30.43) | 1,575 (25.14) | |
| Follow-up duration [months, mean (SD)] | |||
| To EV bleeding | 2.60 (3.07) | 11.70 (1.64) | <0.001 |
| Baseline laboratory value [mean (SD)] | |||
| AST (U/L) | 98.09 (148.4) | 89.77 (174.2) | 0.3371 |
| ALT (U/L) | 52.98 (64.55) | 64.44 (97.00) | 0.015 |
| Cr (mg/dL) | 1.45 (1.58) | 1.33 (1.57) | 0.1178 |
| Na (mEq/L) | 135.4 (13.29) | 137.3 (8.39) | <0.001 |
| K (mEq/L) | 4.11 (2.12) | 4.02 (1.08) | 0.1554 |
| Bilirubin-total (mg/dL) | 3.46 (5.38) | 2.57 (4.33) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.96 (0.87) | 3.38 (0.83) | <0.001 |
| PT-INR | 1.38 (0.37) | 1.30 (0.52) | 0.0032 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 10.11 (2.53) | 11.56 (2.72) | <0.001 |
| WBC (×1,000/μL) | 7.70 (4.70) | 6.49 (3.92) | <0.001 |
| Platelet (×1,000/μL) | 118.40 (107.0) | 120.90 (75.10) | 0.5088 |
| r-GT | 193.20 (236.1) | 150.40 (241.5) | 0.0079 |
| Cholesterol | 149.30 (44.48) | 163 (47.38) | <0.001 |
| Antivirals for HBV % (n/N) | 33.0 (64/194) | 41.0 (1,186/2,887) | |
| Prognostic systems [mean (SD)] | |||
| CTP score | 7.01 (1.64) | 6.44 (1.52) | <0.001 |
| MELD score | 14.82 (6.25) | 13.05 (6.12) | <0.001 |
| MELD-Na score | 17.04 (8.55) | 14.77 (8.29) | <0.001 |
| PALBI score | −2.44 (0.71) | −2.67 (0.69) | <0.001 |
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio | 3.93 (7.89) | 2.51 (4.55) | <0.001 |
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-albumin ratio | 7.71 (14.31) | 5.63 (40.86) | 0.4374 |
| AST/ALT | 2.19 (1.72) | 1.67 (1.37) | <0.001 |
| AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) | 4.26 (8.95) | 3.61 (18.40) | 0.4724 |
| Platelet count to spleen diameter (PC/SD) | 19.87 (14.89) | 23.16 (17.11) | 0.0032 |
| Fibrosis-4-index (FIB-4) | 11.67 (26.73) | 9.17 (71.97) | 0.4764 |
| Fibrosis index (FI) | 3.86 (1.44) | 3.42 (1.18) | <0.001 |
| King’s score | 121.90 (326.3) | 119.40 (101.1) | 0.9605 |
| Lok score | 3.45 (3.65) | 2.42 (3.59) | <0.001 |
| Lok index | 0.85 (0.19) | 0.78 (0.22) | <0.001 |
| Portal vein size | 1.16 (0.27) | 1.11 (0.23) | 0.0034 |
| Forns index | 11.11 (2.22) | 10.74 (1.96) | 0.0056 |
$, non-A, non-B, non-C. EV, esophageal varices; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; Hb, hemoglobulin.