Table 3. Preoperative, follow-up VAS, ODI, scores and 6-minute walk assessment.

Variables	Group A	Group B	Within-subjects (P value)		Between-subjects, group (P value)
			Time	Time* group
VAS of Back, mean ± SD			<0.001	0.109	0.98
Baseline	7.17±0.58	6.75±0.57
1 month	2.05±1.30*	1.98±1.27*
3 months	1.54±0.87*	1.52±0.85*
6 months	1.68±1.04*	1.84±1.01*
12 months	1.51±1.19*	1.84±1.20*
VAS of leg, mean ± SD			<0.001	0.33	0.724
Baseline	5.88±0.84	5.90±0.86
1 month	2.54±1.40*	2.32±1.49*
3 months	2.10±1.62*	1.70±1.56*
6 months	2.02±1.88*	1.95±1.85*
12 months	1.34±1.30*	1.59±1.44*
ODI score, mean ± SD			<0.001	0.315	0.243
Baseline	53.73±3.63	53.75±3.55
1 month	12.93±8.24*	16.73±11.00*
3 months	11.78±8.01*	13.39±8.52*
6 months	11.73±10.15*	13.07±9.88*
12 months	11.17±9.96*	12.95±10.06*
6-minute walk test, months			<0.001	0.876	0.354
Baseline	227±71	220±63
12 months	415±48*	405±53*

*, P<0.05 for significant improvement compared with baseline assessment. VAS, visual analog scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; Group A, navigation group; Group B, fluoroscopy group.