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. 2019 Nov 7;48(2):0300060519885268. doi: 10.1177/0300060519885268

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© The Author(s) 2019

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Representative images showing examples of participant positioning for three isometric back extensor strength (BES) tests utilizing different postures: (a) standing BES with a tension dynamometer; (b) prone BES with tripod fixation of the handheld dynamometer; and (c) seated BES with a chair-box fixation system for the handheld dynamometer.