Table 2.

Observed hand hygiene behaviors among outpatient visitors after installation of hand hygiene stations and behavioral nudges by type of transmission events and location.

	Hands not washed	Hand(s) washed <20 seconds	Hand(s) washed ≥20 seconds	Hand(s) washed, unsure regarding time
Potential pathogen transmission event
Respiratory fluid contact (coughing, sneezing, others) (n=17 events)	17 (100.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Touching face with bare hands (eyes, nose, mouth, other parts of the face) (n=52 events)	51 (98.1%)	1 (1.9%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Touching mask (n=104 events)	103 (99.0%)	1 (1.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Eating or drinking (n=41 events)	40 (97.6%)	1 (2.4%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Other events* (n=21 events)	0 (0.0%)	10 (47.6%)	9 (42.9%)	2 (9.5%)
Observed location
General Medicine Outpatient Department (n=70 events)	64 (91.4%)	3 (4.3%)	2 (2.9%)	1 (1.4%)
Surgery Outpatient Department (n=77 events)	73 (94.8%)	3 (3.9%)	1 (1.3%)	0 (0.0%)
Pharmacy (n=76 events)	62 (81.6%)	7 (9.2%)	6 (7.9%)	1 (1.3%)

^*Including hospital visitors who approached the alcohol dispensing unit from outside the observation area, obtain hand hygiene gel to wash their hands, then left the observation area.