Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 among participants
| Total (n = 275) | Healthy (n = 169) | Suspected COVID-19(n = 55) | COVID-19 + (n = 51) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (year) | 49.0 (12.7) | 49.4 (12.6) | 48.6 (12.4) | 48.2 (13.7) | .796 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4 (5.6) | 30.0 (5.3) | 31.2 (6.1) | 31.0 (5.9) | .265 |
| AHI (per hour) | 48.7 (35.0) | 47.8 (34.9) | 46.9 (35.5) | 53.4 (25.2) | .561 |
| MinSpO2 (%) | 76.7 (10.8) | 77.5(9.9) | 76.4 (11.0) | 74.3 (12.8) | .187 |
| Mean SpO2 (%) | 90.3 (5.1) | 90.7 (4.0) | 88.9 (8.4) | 90.8 (3.4) | .061 |
| SpO2 < 90 (Time%) | 27.4 (30.4) | 26.5 (30.0) | 29.9 (31.8) | 29.0 (30.5) | .817 |
| TST (min) | 345.4 (82.2) | 354.1 (76.9) | 340.2 (91.1) | 320.4 (85.8) | .042 |
| SE | 74.0 (15.1) | 75.7 (13.9) | 74.2 (13.8) | 67.9 (18.5) | .005 |
| BDI-II | 14.3 (11.2) | 13.8 (10.8) | 13.0 (10.3) | 17.7 (13.1) | .056 |
| ISI | 13.0 (5.8) | 12.5 (5.9) | 13.1 (5.2) | 14.6 (5.9) | .085 |
| ESS | 9.8 (5.7) | 9.8 (5.8) | 10.5 (5.5) | 9.0 (5.3) | .409 |
| Frequency (percent) | Frequency (percent) | Frequency (percent) | Frequency (percent) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (men) | 178 (65.0) | 115 (68.5) | 35 (63.6) | 28 (54.9) | .201 |
| Age > 50 | 127 (46.2) | 77(45.6) | 25(45.5) | 25(49.0) | .910 |
| BMI > 35 | 46 (16.7) | 27(16.0) | 9(16.4) | 10(19.6) | .828 |
| Smoking (yes) | 74 (27.2) | 47 (28.0) | 10 (18.5) | 17 (34.0) | .195 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 79 (28.7) | 47 (27.8) | 19 (34.5) | 13 (25.5) | .538 |
| Cardiovascular diseases (yes) | 49 (17.9) | 28 (16.8) | 7(12.7) | 14 (27.5) | .116 |
| Stroke (yes) | 16 (5.8) | 12 (7.1) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (5.9) | .348 |
| Pulmonary diseases (yes) | 31 (11.3) | 15 (8.9) | 5 (9.1) | 11 (21.6) | .036 |
| Diabetes (yes) | 48 (17.5) | 31 (18.3) | 7 (12.7) | 10 (19.6) | .574 |
| Thyroid diseases | 34 (12.5) | 22 (13.2) | 8 (14.5) | 4 (8.0) | .547 |
| Depression | 72 (26.2) | 40 (23.7) | 13 (23.6) | 19 (37.3) | .137 |
AHI, apnea hypopnea index; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BMI, body mass index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; SD, standard deviation; SE, sleep efficiency; TST, total sleep times.