Table 2.

Summary of clinical data and outcomes from all included studies listed by order of online publication date

Study	Online publication date in 2020	Study population	Setting	Timeframe in 2020	Total number of cases	Patient characteristics	Clinical presentation	Outcomes	Baseline IS adjustment	COVID-19 therapy
Manganaro et al.16	10 April	All inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 confirmed by swab	22 Nephrology and Dialysis Units, Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Italy	Up to 27 March	26	• Age median 61 y (range 26–80)		• ICU admission ∼5/26 (21%) (for dialysis patients ∼8/102 [8%])
Boyarsky et al.18	13 April	Patients with COVID-19	88/111 centers conducting >100 solid organ transplants/year, United States	Up to 24 March to 31 March when survey was conducted	103			• Mild illness (no pneumonia) 58/103 (56%) •Moderate illness (pneumonia) 18/103 (18%) •Critical illness 27/103 (26%)
Pereira et al.21	24 April	All inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR	Two multiple solid organ transplant centers, New York City, United States	13 March to 3 April	51 (46 kidney-only, 3 heart-kidney, 1 liver-kidney, 1 pancreas-kidney)			• Death or ICU admission 13/51 (25%)
Sánchez-Álvarez et al.12	27 April	Inpatients and outpatients who tested positive for COVID-19 entered to COVID-19 Registry of Spanish Society of Nephrology	Health centers across the Autonomous Communities of Spain	18 March to 11 April	∼286 (∼269 hospitalized; ∼122 recovered or died)a	• Age (y) median 60 ± 13 •Sex: males ∼190/∼286 (66%)a •ACEI/ARB ∼110/286 (39%)∗		• Death ∼53/∼122 (43%) (for in-center HD ∼138/∼230 [60%])a •ICU admission ∼25/∼286 (9%)∗ •Mortality by age OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.06 – 1.13) •Mortality by pneumonia OR 5.83 (95% CI 1.61–21.2)		• LPV/r ∼109/∼286 (38%)a •HCQ ∼249/∼286 (87%)a •Steroids ∼110/∼286 (39%)a •Interferon ∼16/∼286 (6%)a •Tocilizumab ∼23/∼286 (8%)a
Vistoli et al.19	3 June	Reported COVID-19–positive inpatients and outpatients according to survey of kidney transplant centers	39/41 public kidney transplant centers, Italy	Up to 17 March	60 (57 hospitalized)	• Transplanted between 1 February and 15 March 3/60 (5%)		• Death 11/57 (19%) •ICU 17/57 (30%)
Rodriguez-Cubillo et al.23	12 June	Confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR) referred to a kidney transplant center	Kidney transplant center, Madrid, Spain	15 March to 24 April; follow-up to 19 May	29 (29 recovered to discharge or died)	• Age (y) median 66 (IQR 59–72) •Sex: male 17/29 (59%) •Time since transplant (mo) median 99 (IQR 26–171) •Comorbidities: diabetes 11/29 (38%), obesity 15/29 (52%) •Baseline IS: tacrolimus 19/29 (66%), ciclosporin 6/29 (21%), MPA 22/29 (76%), mTORi 8/29 (28%), azathioprine 1/29 (3%), prednisolone 23/29 (79%)	• Symptomatic 26/29 (90%) •Fever 20/29 (69%) •Cough 17/29 (59%) •Dyspnea 14/29 (48%) •Diarrhea 14/29 (48%) •AKI 14/29 (48%) •Oxygen requirement 7/29 (24%) •CXR no changes 11/29 (38%) •D-dimer (ng/ml) median 1429 (IQR 754–2358) •Ferritin (ng/ml) median 647 (IQR 348–1682) •LDH (iu/l) median 488 (IQR 360–712)	• Death 6/29 (21%); with AKI 4/14 (29%); patients treated with cyclosporin strategy 3/32 (13%), people treated with IS minimization 3/6 (50%) •Recovery from AKI to baseline renal function 10/10 (100%) •RRT 3/29 (10%) •Suspected acute rejection 0/29 (0%) •Mechanical ventilation 5/29 (17%) •Recovery from mechanical ventilation 3/5 (60%)	• Switched to ciclosporin and prednisolone 23/29 (79%) •Cyclosporin level (ng/ml) median 60 (IQR 40–83) •Tacrolimus reduced 3/19 (16%) •Prednisolone only 3/29 (10%) •Antiproliferative stopped 23/23 (100%) •mTORi stopped 8/8 (100%)	• HCQ 27/29 (93%) •Antibiotics 29/29 (100%) •High-dose steroids 18/29 (62%) •Tocilizumab 9/29 (31%) •i.v. Ig 8/29 (28%) •Anticoagulation 24/29 (83%)
Pascual et al.13	19 June	Inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR) within 60 d of kidney transplantation, entered to COVID-19 Registry of Spanish Society of Nephrology	12 transplant centers, Spain	17 March to 18 April	24 (of 265 transplants within 60 d) (do not specify how many recovered to discharge)	• Age: ≥65 y 12/24 (50%) •Sex: male 11/24 (46%) •Comorbidities: diabetes 12/24 (50%) •Deceased donor 23/24 (96%) •DGF 12/24 (50%) •Acute rejection 2/24 (8%) •Baseline IS: prednisone 24/24 (100%), tacrolimus 24/24 (100%), MMF 21/24 (88%), mTORi 2/24 (8%)	• Fever 15/24 (63%) •Cough/rhinorrhea 14/24 (58%) •Dyspnea 14/24 (58%) •Pneumonia 22/24 (92%) •Lymphopenia 24/24 (100%)	• Death 11/24 (46%) •Renal failure 13/24 (54%) •Mechanical ventilation 9/24 (38%) •ICU admission 4/24 (17%)		• HCQ 22/24 (92%) •Glucocorticoids 12/24 (50%) •LPV/r 8/24 (33%) •Tocilizumab 8/24 (33%)
Chen et al.27	23 June	Inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR) in addition to radiographic evidence	Single center, New York City, United States	18 March to 10 April	30 (29 recovered to discharge or died)	• Age (y) mean 56 ± 12 •Sex: males 16/30 (53%) •Race: African descent 22/30 (73%), Hispanic 5/30 (17%), Caucasian 2/30 (7%), Asian 1/30 (3%) •BMI (kg/m2) mean 28.7 (SD 6.9) •Time since transplant (y) median 7 (IQR 4–14) •Deceased donor 18/30 (60%) •Cause of ESRD: hypertension 13/30 (43%), diabetes 11/30 (36%), HIV 2/30 (7%), ADPKD 2/30 (7%), SLE 2/30 (7%) •Comorbidities: diabetes 14/30 (47%), vascular diseases 11/30 (37%), obesity 10/30 (33%), asthma/COPD 0/30 (0%) •Baseline creatinine (mg/l) median 1.3 (IQR 1.0–1.8) •CKD stage: 3 14/30 (47%), 4 1/30 (3%), 2/30 (7%) •Baseline IS: tacrolimus 26/30 (87%), ciclosporin 3/30 (10%), MMF 12/30 (40%), prednisone 30/30 (100%) •Baseline tacrolimus level (ng/ml) mean 7.0 (SD 5.6)	• Fever 22/30 (73%) •Cough 20/30 (67%) •GI symptoms 13/30 (43%) •Oxygen requirement 27/30 (90%) •Intubated pre-hospital/in ED 2/30 (7%) •AKI 23/30 (77%) •Creatinine (mg/ml) median 1.8 (IQR 1.4–2.7) •LDH (units/l) median 294 (238–427) •CRP (mg/l) median 76 (IQR 44–147) •ESR (mm/h) median 72 (IQR 58–80) •Ferritin (μg/l) median 979 (IQR 422–1977) •D-dimer (μg/ml) median 2900 (IQR 1053–5142) •WCC (x103/mm3) median 6.7 (IQR 4.6–9.0) •Neutrophils (x103/mm3) median 4.9 (IQR 3.3–6.3) •Lymphocytes (x103/mm3) median 0.7 (IQR 0.5–1.0) •Procalcitonin (ng/ml) median 0.2 (IQR 0.1–1.3)	• Deaths 6/29 (21%) •Mechanical ventilation 7/30 (23%) •RRT 4/30 (13%) •Ischaemic stroke 2/30 (7%)	• CNI withheld 29/29 (100%) •MMF withheld 12/12 (100%) •High-dose MP 18/30 (60%)	• HCQ + AZM 30/30 (100%)
Mehta et al.28	23 June	Attendees to ED with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR) of 44 who reported symptoms to an outpatient monitoring system	Kidney transplant center, New York City, United States	15 March to 12 April	34 (33 recovered to discharge or died)	• Age (y) median 59 (IQR 53–64) •Sex: male 22/34 (65%) •Race: African American 15/34 (44%), Hispanic 8/34 (24%), Asian 2/34 (7%), white 7/34 (21%), other 2/34 (7%) •BMI (kg/m2) median 27.4 (IQR 24.0–31.5) •Time since transplant (mo) median 37 (IQR 19–54); within 12 mo 14/30 (41%) •Deceased donor: 27/34 (79%) •Baseline IS: tacrolimus 29/34 (85%), cyclosporin 1/34 (3%), MMF 33/34 (97%), belatacept 6/34 (18%), everolimus 1/34 (3%), prednisone 34/34 (100%)	• Time from symptoms to presentation (d) median 8 (IQR 5–10) •Fever or cough 19/34 (56%) •Diarrhea 5/34 (15%) •Hypoxia 18/34 (3%) •CXR: bilateral airspace opacification 32/34 (94%) •Lymphopenia 32/34 (94%) •CRP (mg/l) median 101 (range 2–389)	• Deaths 6/33 (18%) •Discharged from ED 9/34 •Readmitted with progressive illness 7/9 •LOS (d) median 10 (IQR 5–16) •AKI during admission 18/34 (53%) •RRT 0/34 (0%)	• MMF withheld 26/33 (79%) •MMF reduced 6/33 (18%) •Belatacept held/delayed 6/6 (100%) •CNI held 0/30 (0%)	• HCQ 33/34 (97%) •AZM 27/34 (79%) •Tocilizumab or recruited to RCT clazakizumab vs placebo 9/34 (27%)
Bossini et al.25	6 July	Symptomatic inpatients and outpatients assessed either in ED or clinic with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR)	Kidney transplant outpatient center and 3 admitting hospitals, Brescia, Italy	1 March to 16 April	53 (45 hospitalized; 42 recovered to discharge or died)	• Age (y) median 60 (IQR 50–67) •Sex: males 42/53 (79%) •Cause of ESRD: PKD 12/53 (23%), IgA 8/53 (15%), other GN 6/53 (11%), CAKUT 5/53 (9%), other 5/53 (9%), not determined 17/53 (32%) •Comorbidities: diabetes 11/53 (21%), cardiac diseases 10/53 (19%), previous DVT 4/53 (8%), other 4/53 (8%) •Time since transplant (y) median 9 (IQR 4–16) •Deceased donor 48/53 (91%) •Induction IS: ATG 17/38 (45%), basiliximab 14/38 (37%), alemtuzumab 6/38 (38%), other 1/38 (3%) •Baseline IS: tacrolimus 31/53 (58%), cyclosporin 17/53 (32%), MMF 32/53 (60%), mTORi 6/53 (11%), glucocorticoid 30/53 (57%) •Baseline creatinine (mg/dl) median 1.8 (IQR 1.5–2.4)	• Temperature >37.5oC 51/53 (96%) •Cough 26/53 (49%) •Dyspnea 15/53 (28%) •GI symptoms 9/53 (17%) •CXR: no infiltrates 1/39 (3%), bilateral infiltrates 27/39 (69%) Inpatients only: •Time from symptoms to presentation (d) median 7 (IQR 4–10) •WCC (109/l) median 5.6 (IQR 4.1–7.4) •Neutrophils (109/l) median 4.1 (IQR 2.9–6.8) •Lymphocytes (109/l) median 0.6 (IQR 0.4–1.1) •LDH (units/l) median 263 (IQR 213–323) •CRP (mg/l) median 39 (IQR 16–103) •Creatinine increase compared to baseline (%) median 21 (IQR 7–30) •Ferritin (μg/l) median 433 (IQR 284–872) •Fibrinogen (mg/dl) median 540 (IQR 380–625) •D-dimer (ng/ml) median 414 (IQR 101–677)	Inpatients only: •Death 15/42 (36%); due to ARDS 14/15 (93%), due to likely bacterial sepsis 1/15 (7%) •ARDS 27/45 (60%) •ICU 10/45 (22%) •Mechanical ventilation 9/45; 8/9 (89%) died •Creatinine increase compared with baseline (%) −8 (IQR −20 to 7) (from 1 center = 28 patients) •LOS (d) median 11 (IQR 7–16)	Inpatients: •Withdrawal of usual IS 42/45 (93%) •MMF withdrawn & CNI halved 3/45 (7%) •Started or increased to MP 16 mg or equivalent 34/45 (76%) •Glucocorticoid dose unchanged 11/45 (24%) Outpatients: •MMF withdrawn & CNI halved 4/8 (50%) •MMF withdrawn only 1/8 (13%) •Low-dose MMF maintained 1/8 (13%) •mTORi withdrawn & CNI halved 1/8 (13%) •CNI halved 1/8 (13%) •Started or increased to MP or equivalent 16mg 3/8 (38%) •Glucocorticoid dose unchanged 5/8 (62%)	• HCQ + AZM 39/53 (79%) (including all outpatients) Inpatients only: •LPV/r 18/45 (40%) •DRV/r 14/45 (31%) •Dexamethasone 18/45 (40%) •Tocilizumab in addition to dexamethasone 8/18 (44%) •Prophylactic heparin 23/45 (51%)
Cravedi et al.17	10 July	Inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR) participating in the TANGO consortium (www.tangoxstudy.com) (excluded patients included in prior publications)	12 transplant centers across the United States (5), Italy (4), and Spain (2)	2 March to 15 May	144 (do not specify how many recovered to discharge)	• Ages (y) median 62 (IQR 52 – 69) •Sex: male 94/144 (65%) •Race: Hispanic 56/144 (40%), White 43/144 (31%), African American 35/144 (25%) •Comorbidities: diabetes 75/144 (52%), obesity 71/144 (49%), heart disease 41/144 (28%), lung disease 27/144 (19%), cancer 22/144 (15%), smoking history 39/144 (27%), HIV 3/144 (2%), ACEI 20/144 (14%), ARB 24/144 (17%) •Cause of ESRD: diabetes 43/144 (30%), glomerular disease 25/144 (16%), hypertension 20/144 (14%), PKD 13/144 (9%) •Time since transplant (y) median 5 (IQR 2–9), <1 y 23/144 (16%) •Deceased donor 112/144 (78%) •Baseline IS: tacrolimus 131/144 (91%), MMF 111/144 (77%), everolimus 11/144 (8%), prednisolone 125/144 (89%)	• Fever 96/144 (67%) •Dyspnea 97/144 (68%) •Diarrhea 55/144 (38%) •Myalgia 76/144 (53%) •Symptoms onset to admission (d) median 6 (IQR 3–8) •WCC (109/L) median 6.4 (IQR 4.6–8.3) •Lymphocytes (x109/l) median 0.9 (IQR 0.5–3.1) •Creatinine (mg/dl) median 1.5 (IQR 1.1–1.9) •CRP (mg/l) median 41 (IQR 12–125) •Ferritin (μg/l) median 1260 (IQR 523 - 2620) •D-dimer (μg/ml) median 1.12 (0.62–2.00) •IL-6 (ng/ml) 37 (8–95) •Procalcitonin (ng/ml) median 0.3 (IQR 0.1–1.0)	• Death 46/144 (32%); by age (y) >60 vs ≤60 OR 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.14) •ICU admission 43/144 (30%); died 22/43 (51%) •Mechanical ventilation 42/144 (29%) •ECMO 3/144 (2%) •AKI 74/144 (51%) •Symptom onset to death (d) median 15 (IQR 8–22) •Symptom onset to discharge (d) median 22 (IQR 15–35) •Follow-up (d) median 52 (IQR 16–66)	• Tacrolimus withheld 32/131 (25%) •Steroid increased 95/125 (76%)	• HCQ 101/144 (70%) •Antibiotics 106/144 (74%) •Tocilizumab 19/144 (13%) •Remdesivir 9/144 (6%) •LPV/r 7/144 (5%) •DRV/r 3/144 (2%) •Darunavir-cobisistat 1/144 (1%)
Chaudhry et al.26	12 July	All inpatient and outpatient SOT recipients with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR)	5 hospitals within a quaternary care academic institution, Michigan, United States	20 March to 18 April	38 (26 hospitalized)b	• Age (y): median 61.5 (IQR 52–70) •Sex: males 26/38 (68%) •Race: Black 31/38 (82%) •Comorbidities: COPD 5/38 (13%), CKD 35/38 (92%), heart failure 8/38 (21%), coronary artery disease 3/38 (8%), diabetes 27/38 (71%), hypertension 37/38 (97%), malignancy 3/38 (8%), smoking history 7/38 (18%) •BMI (kg/m2) median 28 (IQR 26–33)	• Cough 23/38 (61%) •Fever 22/38 (58%) •Dyspnea 21/38 (55%) •Altered mentation 7/38 (18%) •Diarrhea 20/38 (53%) •Myalgia 15/38 (40%) •Fatigue 15/38 (40%) •Symptom duration (d) median 7 (IQR 2–10) •WCC (109/l) median 5.8 (IQR 4.7–8.8) •Lymphocytes (109/l) median 0.5 (IQR 0.4–0.8) •CRP (mg/dl) median 7.5 (IQR 2.4–13.5) •Abnormal CXR/CT chest 24/38 (64%)	• Death 7/38 (18%) •ICU admission 12/38 (32%) •Mechanical ventilation 11/38 (29%) •ARDS: mild 0/11 (0%), moderate 4/11 (36%), severe 7/36 (64%) •AKI requiring RRT 5/38 (13%) •Secondary bacterial infection 7/38 (18%) •Hospital LOS (d) median 4 (IQR 2–20)
Pérez-Sáez et al.14	12 July	Inpatients identified through national COVID-19 registry with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR) who received tocilizumab based on individual hospital protocols for increased disease severity. All patients had at least one of the following: increased IL-6; increase in other inflammatory markers; rapidly progressive ARDS. Additional patients were identified after contacting centers	29 hospitals, Spain (27 completed request for additional data)	Up to 9 May (follow-up to 15 May)	80 (of 468 included in the registry) (80 recovered to discharge or died)	• Age (y): mean 59 (SD 12) •Sex: Males 54/80 (68%) •Race: Caucasian 71/80 (89%) •Comorbidities: diabetes 23/80 (29%), lung disease 7/80 (9%), IHD 13/80 (16%), cancer history 17/80 (22%), BMI >30 kg/m2 14/80 (18%), ACEI/ARB 26/80 (33%), smoking history 17/80 (21%) •Cause of ESRD: diabetes 15/80 (19%), vascular 7/80 (9%), glomerular 17/80 (21%), PKD 14/80 (18%) •Time since transplant (mo) median 72 (IQR 17 – 165) •Re-transplantation 21/80 (26%) •Induction: ATG 33/80 (41%) •Baseline IS: CNI 66/80 (83%), prednisolone 73/80 (91%), MMF 64/80 (80%), mTORi 14/80 (18%)	• Fever 65/80 (81%) •Dyspnea 46/80 (58%) •Respiratory symptoms 62/80 (78%) •GI symptoms 38/80 (48%) •CXR changes 78/80 (98%) •Symptom onset to admission (d) median 4 (IQR 3–8) •Moderate/severe ARDS 6/80 (8%) •Oxygen saturation (%) median 95 (IQR 91 – 97) (n = 40) •WCC (109/l) mean 6.8 (SD 3.1) •Lymphocytes (109/l) mean 0.8 (SD 0.6) •CRP (mg/l) median 49 (IQR 10–49) •Procalcitonin (ng/ml) median 0.24 (IQR 0.1–1.1) •IL-6 (pg/ml) median 52 (IQR 33–110) •LDH (units/l) median 335 (IQR 257–485) •Ferritin (ng/ml) median 698 (IQR 393–1677) •D-dimer (mcg/l) median 900 (IQR 475–1730) •Pneumonia on CXR 78/80 (98%)	• Death 26/80 (33%) •ICU admission 24/80 (30%) •NIV 33/80 (44%) •Mechanical ventilation 19/80 (24%) •AKI 36/80 (45%) •AKI requiring dialysis 15/80 (19%) •Acute rejection 1/80 (1%) •Time admission to ICU (d) median 7 (IQR 4–12) •Follow-up time (d) median 25 d (IQR 17–35)	• CNI withheld 4/66 (6%) •MMF/mTORi withheld 26/78 (33%) •Both CNI & MMF/mTORi withheld 43/80 54%)	• Tocilizumab 80/80 (100%) •Tocilizumab > 1dose 16/80 (20%) •HCQ 79/80 (99%) •AZM 59/80 (74%) •Other antibiotic 61/80 (76%) •Steroids 64/80 (80%) •i.v. Ig 12/80 (15%) •Interferon 5/80 (6%) •LPV/r or remdesevir 39/80 (49%) •Anakinra 6/80 (8%)
Demir et al.24	13 July	Inpatients and outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR)	5 transplant centers, Istanbul, Turkey	1 February to 4 May (followed-up for at least 15 d)	44 (1 excluded as “without typical findings”, 3 lost to follow-up) (39 hospitalized - do not specify how many recovered to discharge)	• Age (y): mean 45 (SD 15) •Sex: male 20/40 (50%) •Cause of ESRD: hypertension 4/40 (10%), diabetes 2/40 (5%), chronic GN 13/40 (33%) •Comorbidities: lung disease 3/40 (8%), ACEI/ARB 18/40 (45%), hypertension 26/40 (65%) •Time since transplant (mo) median 75 (IQR 32–128) •Deceased donor 5/40 (13%) •Induction IS: ATLG 22/40 (55%), basiliximab 3/40 (8%) •Baseline IS: tacrolimus 31/40 (78%), cyclosporine 5/40 (13%), mTORi 4/40 (10%), mycophenolate 36/40 (90%), steroids 40/40 (100%)	• Fever 25/40 (63%) •Cough 30/40 (75%) •Dyspnea 21/40 (53%) •Diarrhea 10/40 (25%) •Oxygen saturation (%) median 96 (IQR 93 – 98) •Creatinine (mg/dL) median 1.6 (IQR 1.2–2.2) •WCC (109/l) median 5.2 (IQR 4.0–7.0) •Lymphocytes (109/l) median 0.7 (IQR 0.5–1.0) •CRP (mg/l) median 45 (IQR 24–88) •LDH (units/l) median 257 (IQR 198–370) •D-dimer (ng/ml) median720 (IQR 510–1734) •Ferritin (ng/ml) median 358 (IQR 173–992) •Graft dysfunction 14/40 (35%)	• Death 5/40 (13%) •NIV 4/40 (10%) •Mechanical ventilation 6/40 (15%) •Follow-up time (d) 32 (IQR 23–44) •LOS (d) median 9 (IQR 5 – 12)	• CNI withheld 11/36 (30.6%) •Antimetabolite withheld 40/40 (100%)c mTORi 4/4 (100%)	• Favipiravir 18/40 (45%) •Tocilizumab 5/40 (13%) •Anakinra 3/40 (8%) •Antibiotics 24/40 (60%)
Lubetzky et al.22	17 July	Consecutive inpatients and outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR)	Transplant center, New York, United States	13 March to 20 April	54 (39 hospitalized; 37 recovered to discharge or died)	•Age (y): median 57 (range 29 – 83) •Sex: male 38/54 (70%) •Race: white 17/54 (31%), Hispanic 17/54 (31%), black 13/54 (24%), Asian 6/54 (11%), Middle Eastern 1/54 (2%) •BMI (kg/m2): (median) 28 (IQR 18–43) •Comorbidities: diabetes 16/54 (30%), cardiovascular disease 19/54 (35%), stroke 4/54 (7%), lung disease 8/54 (15%), antihypertensives 50/54 (93%), ACEI/ARB 19/54 (37%), smoking 12/54 (22%) •Baseline creatinine (mg/dl) mean 1.5 (SD 0.7) •Cause of ESRD: hypertension 11/54 (20%), diabetes 14/54 (26%), GN 13/54 (24%), lupus 2/54 (4%), PKD 3/54 (6%) •Time since transplant (y): median 4.7 (range 0.3 -35) •Deceased donor 17/54 (31%) •IS induction: T-cell depleting agent 39/54 (72%) •Baseline IS: steroids 22/54 (41%), CNI 52/54 (96%), belatacept 1/54 (2%), MMF 52/54 (96%), mTORi 2/54 (4%)	All patients: •Fever 40/54 (74%) •Cough/upper respiratory tract symptoms 32/54 (59%) •Dyspnea 28/54 (52%) •Fatigue/myalgia 23/54 (43%) •Diarrhea 21/54 (39%) •Confusion 6/54 (11%) •Time symptoms to diagnosis (d): mean 8 (SD 6) Inpatients: •Oxygen saturation (%) median 93 (89 – 96) •Creatinine (mg/dl) mean 2.6 (SD 2.3) •WCC (109/l) median 5.7 (IQR 3.6–8.0) •Lymphocytes (109/l) median 0.6 (IQR 0.3–1.0) •D-dimer (ng/ml) median 394 (IQR 278–589) •Ferritin (ng/ml) median 1498 (IQR 383–2646) •IL-6 (pg/ml) median 8 (IQR 4.5–92) •Procalcitonin (ng/ml) median 0.3 (IQR 0.1–0.6) •AKI 20/39 (51%)	Inpatients: •Death 7/39 (18%) •Mechanical ventilation 11/39 (28%) •AKI 20/39 (51%) •RRT 4/39 (10%) •AKI: resolved 9/20 (45%), partially resolved 5/20 (25%), not resolved 6/20 (30%), dialysis dependent at follow-up 3/20 (15%) •Follow-up (d) median 29 (range 5–53) Outpatient: •Complete symptom resolution 14/15 (93%) •Follow-up (d) median 37 (range 21–40)	•Tacrolimus reduced 17/52 (33%) •Tacrolimus withheld 0/52 (0%) •MMF halved 15/52 (29%) •MMF withheld 24/52 (46%) •Additional steroid 5/54 (9%) •Remained steroid free 29/32 (91%)	Inpatient: •HCQ 31/39 (79%) •Remdesivir 2/39 (5%) •IL-6 receptor inhibitor 2/39 (5%) •Convalescent plasma 1/39 (3%) •AZM 7/39 (18%) •Doxycycline 8/39 (21%) Outpatient: •HCQ 1/15 (7%) •AZM 5/15 (33%) •Doxycycline 1/15 (7%)
Bell et al.15	21 July (posted)	Notified confirmed COVID-19 as identified through the Scottish Renal Registry through linkage to Health Protection Scotland	Scotland, UK (100% patient- and unit-level coverage)	Up to 31 May	24 (of 3286 functioning kidney transplants)	• Age (y): 20–44 4/24 (17%), 45–64 12/24 (50%), 65–74 5/24 (21%), ≥75 3/24 (13%) •Sex: male 13/24 (54%) •Cause of ESRD: GN 3/24 (13%), interstitial 12/24 (50%), Multisystem 3/24 (13%), diabetes 3/24 (13%) •Time since transplant (y): <1 0/24 (0%), >10 14/24 (58%) •Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation: 1 (most deprived) 7/24 (29%), 5/24 (21%), 4/24 (17%), 5/24 (21%), 3/24 (13%)		• Death 7/24 (29%)
Mohamed et al.20	31 July	Consecutive inpatients and outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR)	Kidney transplant center, London, UK	Up to end of April	28 (of 1434 functioning transplants) (25 hospitalized – 25 recovered to discharge or died); comparison with 32 patients active on transplant waiting list (of 321) (14 hospitalized)	• Age (y) median 57 (range 25–72) •Sex: male 16/28 (57%) •Time since transplant (mo) median 39 (range 1–227 mo); within 1 y 7/28 (25%); within 3 mo 1/28 (4%) •Donor: deceased 22/28 (79%) •BMI (kg/m2) median 28 (range 19–38) •Comorbidities: diabetes 10/28 (37%), IHD 5/28 (18%), chronic lung disease 4/28 (14%), chronic liver disease 0/28 (0%), PVD 1/28 (4%) •Induction IS: IL2RA 21/27 (78%), ATG 6/27 (22%)d •Baseline IS: tacrolimus + MMF + prednisolone 16/27 (59%), ciclosporin + MMF + prednisolone 5/27 (19%), tacrolimus + azathioprine + prednisolone 3/27 (11%), cyclosporin + prednisolone 2/27 (7%), tacrolimus + prednisolone 1/27 (4%)d •Baseline creatinine (μmol/l) median 155 (range 68–356)	• Healthcare-associated infection 2/28 (7%) •Fever 13/25 (52%) •Dyspnea 10/25 (40%) •Cough 13/24 (54%) •GI symptoms 7/25 (28%) •AKI 7/25 (28%) •Creatinine (μmol/l) 255 (range 58–566) •Hb (g/l) median 108 (range 81–157) •WCC (109/l) median 6.8 (range 3.0–18.0) •Neutrophils (109/l) median 5.5 (range 1.0–17.0) •Lymphocytes (109/l) median 0.6 (range 0.2–1.7) •CRP (mg/l) median 85 (range 7–367) •CXR ground-glass shadowing or consolidation 19/25 (76%)	• Death 9/25 (36%); (vs 5/14 (36%) on waiting list) •ICU 5/25 (20%); died 4/5 (80%) •RRT 2/25 (8%)	• MMF withdrawal 19/21 (90%) •MMF halved 1/21 (5%) •Azathioprine withdrawal 3/3 (100%) •Prednisolone increased from 5 to 10 mg 12/27d	• RECOVERY trial (dexamethasone arm) 1/25 (4%)
Kates et al.10	7 August	Any inpatient or outpatient SOT recipient with confirmed COVID-19 (RT-PCR) reported through an electronic case report form	>50 transplant centers, >98% United States	7 March to 15 April; all cases followed-up for 28 d	318 kidney-only or kidney-pancreas recipients	• Age (y) 56 (IQR 46–66) •Sex: male 186/318 (59%) •Race: Asian/Pacific Islander 18/318 (6%), black 150/318 (47%), white 130/318 (41%), other/unknown 20/318 (6%); Hispanic ethnicity 59/318 (19%) •Geographic location: United States – Northeast 151/318 (48%), Midwest 72/318 (23%), South 46/318 (15%), West 44/318 (14%); international 5/318 (2%) •Time since kidney transplant (y) median 5 (IQR 2–10) •Transplanted in 2020 9/318 (3%) •Comorbidities: coronary artery disease 68/318 (21%), heart failure 30/318 (9%), diabetes 170/318 (54%), CKD 134/318 (42%), haemodialysis 25/318 (8%), chronic lung disease 29/318 (9%), malignancy 8/318 (3%), HIV 5/318 (2%), BMI >30 kg/m2 116/318 (37%) •≥2 of age >65 y, heart failure, chronic lung disease and obesity 53/318 (17%) •Baseline IS: CNI + antiproliferative + steroid 176/318 (55%), CNI + steroid 49/318 (15%), CNI + antiproliferative 39/318 (12%), mTORi regimen 16/318 (5%), other 64/318 (20%) •Recently augmented IS 26/318 (8%) •Blood type: A 95/318 (34%), B 49/318 (18%), AB 14/318 (5%), O 118/318 (43%)	• Healthcare-associated infection 39/318 (12%) •Fever 186/318 (59%) •Cough 235/318 (74%) •Dyspnea 187/318 (59%) •GI symptoms 156/318 (49%) •WCC (x 109/l) median 5.8 (IQR 4.3–8.4) (not reported in 34/318 [11%]) •Neutrophils (x 109/l) 4.3 (3.1–6.3) (not reported in 34/318 [11%]) •Lymphocytes (x109/l) 0.7 (0.4–1.0) (not reported in 34/318 [11%]) •CXR: abnormal 207/271 (76%); not performed 47/318 (15%) •CT chest: abnormal 59/60 (98%); not performed 258/318 (81%)	• Deaths within 28 d 57/318 (18%) •Hospitalization 254/318 (80%) •ICU 107/254 (42%) •Mechanical ventilation 87/254 (34%) •Vasopressors 74/254 (29%) •AKI 130/318 (41%) •New RRT 42/318 (13%) •Acute rise in LFT >3x ULN 21/318 (7%) •Acute MI 7/318 (2%) •VTE 8/318 (3%) •Bacterial pneumonia 23/318 (7%) •Bloodstream infection 17/318 (5%) •Acute TCMR or AMR 1/318 (0%)	• IS modified 241/318 (76%)	• CQ/HCQ 197/318 (62%) •AZM 110/318 (35%) •Anti-IL6 39/318 (12%) •High-dose steroids 35/318 (11%) •Convalescent plasma 10/318 (3%) •Protease inhibitor 9/318 (3%) •Remdesivir 9/318 (3%) •i.v. Ig 3/318 (1%) •Other experimental treatments 18/318 (4%) •Clinical trial 23/318 (5%)
Benotmane et al.29	10 August	Consecutive inpatients with COVID-19 diagnosed by RT-PCR or typical CT chest lesions	Kidney transplant center, Strasbourg, France	4 March to 7 April; followed-up to 13 May	40	• Age (y) median 64 (IQR 55–68) •Sex: male 31/40 (78%) •BMI (kg/m2) median 30 (IQR 24–33) •Comorbidities: cardiovascular disease 16/40 (40%), respiratory disease 9/40 (23%), diabetes 19/40 (48%); ACEI/ARB 15/40 (38%) •Time since kidney transplant (y) median 7 (IQR 3–15) •Induction IS: ATG 18/40 (44%), anti-CD25 19/40 (46%), none 3/40 (7%) •Baseline IS: tacrolimus 21/40 (53%), ciclosporin 14/40 (35%), MMF/MPA 34/40 (85%), mTORi 6/40 (15%), azathioprine 1/40 (3%), corticosteroids 23/40 (58%), belatacept 2/40 (5%), eculizumab 1/40 (3%)	• Fever 38/40 (95%) •Cough 31/40 (78%) •Dyspnea 28/40 (70%) •Diarrhea 12/40 (30%) •Neurological symptoms 15/40 (38%) •RT-PCR negative 2/40 (5%); subsequent serology positive 2/2 (100%) •Viral load (log copies/reaction) 5.2 (3.8–6.7)	• Deaths 9/40 (23%) •Severe disease (oxygen requirement >6 l/min or ICU admission or death) 18/40 (45%) •RNAaemia 8/31 (26%) •Seropositivity 31/31 (100%) (survivors only >14 d)	• MMF/MPA withdrawal 34/34 (100%) •CNI withdrawal 15/35 (43%) •mTORi withdrawal 6/6 (100%) •Belatacept delayed 1/2 (50%)	• AZM 26/40 (65%) •Other antibiotics 40/40 (100%) •LPV/r 1/40 (3%) •HCQ 15/40 (38%) •Tocilizumab 4/40 (10%) •High-dose corticosteroids 14/40 (35%) •Antifungal 1/40 (3%)
Ravanan et al.11	11 August	SOT recipients with functioning graft as of 1 February with notified COVID-19 (RT-PCR) as identified through the NHS Blood and Transplant registry with linkage to Public Health England and the NHS Digital Tracing Service	England, UK	1 February to 20 May	489 (of 33,972 kidney-only or kidney-pancreas recipients); compared with 188/4241 patients active on the waiting list			•Deaths 128/489 (26%) (vs 18/188 [10%] in waitlisted patients)

ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II-receptor blocker; AKI, acute kidney injury; AMR, antibody-mediated rejection; ARDS, adult respiratory distress syndrome; ATG, anti-thymocyte globulin; AZM, azithromycin; CAKUT, congenital abnormality of the kidneys and urinary tract; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CNI, calcineurin inhibitor; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; CRP, C-reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; CXR, chest x-ray; DGF, delayed graft function; DRV/r, darunavir/ritonavir; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ED, emergency department; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GI, gastrointestinal; GN, glomerulonephritis; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICU, intensive care unit; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; IL-6, interleukin-6; IQR, interquartile range; IS, immunosuppression; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LOS, hospital length of stay; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MP, methylprednisolone; MPA, mycophenolic acid; mTORi, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor; NHS, National Health Service; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; OR, odds ratio; PKD, polycystic kidney disease; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RRT, renal replacement therapy; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SD, standard deviation; SOT, solid organ transplant; TCMR, T-cell mediated rejection; ULN, upper limit of normal; WCC, white cell count.

Note: Mohamed et al.²⁰ overlaps with Ravanan et al.¹¹; Pereira et al.²¹ overlaps with Lubetzky et al.²²; Pascual et al.¹³, Pérez-Sáez et al.¹⁴, ± Rodriguez-Cubillo et al.²³ overlap with Sánchez-Álvarez et al.¹² Studies may overlap with Kates et al.¹⁰

^aData reported as percentages of a total 868 patients receiving RRT.

^bUnclear how many patients were discharged, as authors reported 26 discharged but also reported 7 died and 6 remained ventilated.

^cAntimetabolite reported withheld in 40 of 40, but only 36 of 40 were on MMF at baseline.

^dData available for 27 of 28 patients (missing for 1 patient).