Table 2.

Prevalence and unadjusted PR for vitamin D deficiency (25[OH]D₃<12.0 ng/ml) by select characteristics for children (n = 915) aged 12–59 months, Jordan 2010

Characteristic	N	% Vitamin D deficient (95% CI)	Unadjusted/univariate
			PR (95% CI)	P-valuea
Sex
Male	472	14.0 (10.9, 17.7)	1.00
Female	443	25.9 (16.6, 23.5) P < 0.001b	1.86 (1.37–2.51)	< 0.001
Residence
Rural	194	13.6 (9.5–19.1)	1.00
Urban	721	21.4 (17.5, 25.8) P = 0.024b	1.57 (1.05–2.35)	0.028
Age (months)
12–23	219	24.1 (18.8–30.3)	1.00
24–35	212	14.6 (10.3–20.2)	0.61 (0.42–0.87)	0.008
36–59	484	20.2 (15.9–25.3) P = 0.048b	0.84 (0.60–1.16)	0.286
Age child first given something other than breast milk
< 3 months	140	18.2 (11.6–27.3)	1.00
3 to < 6 months	489	20.1 (15.8–25.1)	1.10 (0.70–1.74)	0.667
6+ months	285	19.9 (15.4–25.4) P = 0.906b	1.10 (0.68–1.77)	0.709
BMI-for-age Z-score
Underweight/normal (⩽ 2)	832	19.7 (16.4–23.5)	1.00
Overweight/obese (> 2)	70	22.2 (14.4–32.6) P = 0.570b	1.13 (0.75–1.70)	0.565
Anemia (Hb < 11 g/dL)
Normal	730	18.5 (15.0–22.7)	1.00
Anemic	150	24.1 (18.1–31.4) P = 0.121b	1.30 (0.94–1.82)	0.117
Maternal level of education completed
Below secondary	439	22.2 (17.5–27.7)	1.21 (0.87–1.69)	0.261
Secondary and above	446	18.3 (14.1–23.4) P = 0.260b	1.00
Maternal vitamin D deficiency
Normal	304	10.2 (7.0–14.7)	1.00
Deficient	468	26.4 (21.7–31.8) P < 0.001b	2.59 (1.70–3.95)	< 0.001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PR, prevalence ratio. Prevalences and PR weighted and CI adjusted for sample design. Count for each characteristic may not add to 915 because of missing data.

^aP-value for the subgroup difference in prevalence ratio.

^bP-value for the subgroup difference in prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.