Table 2.

Frequency of diagnostic tests and techniques of urine collection performed to diagnose urinary tract infections and of urine drainage methods applied in the participating nursing homes (n = 87) as reported by the local surveyors, Belgium (2013).

	Responses (n)	Routinely (%)	Sometimes (%)	Never (%)
Diagnostic tests
Urinary dipstick	86	30.2	52.3	17.4
Nitrite test	60	43.3	50.0	6.7
Leukocyte esterase test	56	39.3	48.2	12.5
Urine culture	74	44.6	52.7	2.7
Urine collection techniques
In female non-catheterised residents
Voided sampling (natural micturition)	85	40.0	32.9	27.0
Midstream sampling	85	48.2	38.8	12.9
In-and-out catheterisation	85	21.2	75.3	3.5
Suprapubic aspiration	84	0.0	2.4	97.6
Sampling from diapers or pads	84	0.0	16.7	83.3
Sampling via external urine collection device	84	2.4	26.2	71.4
In male non-catheterised residents
Voided sampling (natural micturition)	84	42.9	33.3	23.8
Midstream sampling	86	54.7	32.6	12.8
In-and-out catheterisation	84	6.0	64.3	29.8
Suprapubic aspiration	85	1.2	5.9	92.9
Sampling from diapers or pads	84	0.0	11.9	88.1
Sampling via condom catheter	83	3.6	57.8	38.6
Urine drainage methods (urinary catheterisation)
Indwelling urethral catheter	86	7.0	76.7	16.3
Suprapubic catheter / cystostomy tube	84	8.3	71.4	20.2
Nephrostomy tube	82	0.0	18.3	81.7
In-and-out urethral catheterisation	85	16.5	70.6	12.9
Condom catheter	86	5.8	70.9	23.3