Table 1. Characteristics of studies included the systematic review of approaches to assessing and addressing social determinants of health in primary care.

Study	City or region, country	Study type	Primary care organization	Population served
Institute of Medicine, 198437	Checkerboard area of the Navajo Nation, New Mexico, USA	Case study	System of satellite primary health-care clinics	14 000 patients from largely indigenous communities
Institute of Medicine, 198438	Bailey, Colorado, USA	Case study	Fee-for service rural family medicine centre with 2 physicians and 5 nursing staff	7 280 patients. Low representation of adult patients over 65 years of age compared with the broader community
Institute of Medicine, 198439	East Boston, Massachusetts, USA	Case study	1 large, interprofessional, fee-for-service, group health-care practice	Approximately 32 000 residents of a socioeconomically deprived region of inner-city Boston
Institute of Medicine,198440	The Bronx, New York, USA	Case study	1 publicly funded, interprofessional, community health centre	20 000 patients residing in 9 urban catchment areas of an area of inner-city New York
Institute of Medicine,198441	Edgecombe County, North Carolina, USA	Case study	1 multidisciplinary, private fee-for-service, primary health-care practice	Rural community of approximately 12 000 residents
Tollman,199442	Pholela District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Case study	1 interprofessional, publicly funded, rural primary health-care centre	Approximately 10 000 patients in the 1940s
Williams & Jaén, 200043	Cleveland, Ohio, and Buffalo, New York, USA	Case study	11 predominantly small to medium-sized primary health-care group practices	8 urban and largely marginalized communities, 1 suburban and 1 semi-rural community
Fone et al., 200244	Caerphilly County Borough, Wales, United Kingdom	Cross-sectional study	Local authorities and local health groups	Approximately 170 120 residents of socioeconomically diverse communities within the Gwent health authority, south-east Wales
Horne and Costello, 200345	Hyndburn, England, United Kingdom	Rapid participatory appraisal study	5 publicly funded primary health-care teams	1 district in north-west England
Bam et al., 201346	Tshwane District, Gauteng South Africa	Case study	9 primary care health posts	2 000 to 3 000 households in the most socioeconomically deprived sub-districts of Tshwane District
Hardt et al., 201347	Alachua County, Florida, USA	Case study	Academic health system with primary health-care practices	Urban community of approximately 124 354 residents with large student population
Gottlieb et al. 201548	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	Case study	Urban teaching hospital paediatric clinic	Families attending Johns Hopkins Children’s Center Harriet Lane clinic
Jinabhai et al., 201549	Eastern Cape, Free State, Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Gauteng, Northern Cape, North West, South Africa	Rapid participatory appraisal study	Interprofessional ward-based outreach teams constituting primary health and social care providers	Over 673 000 households across 7 provinces
Page-Reeves et al., 201650	Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA	Mixed-methods pilot study	2 academic family medicine clinics and 1 community health centre	Large, low-income patient populations
Pinto et al., 201651	Toronto, Ontario, Canada	Case study	5 interprofessional academic primary health-care clinics	Sociodemographically diverse inner-city patient population of approximately 35 000 patients
Lofters et al., 201752	Toronto, Ontario, Canada	Retrospective cohort study	6 interprofessional, publicly funded, academic primary health-care clinics	Sociodemographically diverse inner-city population of approximately 45 000 patients. Study sample focused on adults eligible for publicly funded colorectal, cervical or breast cancer screening programmes
Pinto & Bloch, 201753	Toronto, Ontario, Canada	Case study	6 interprofessional, publicly funded, academic primary health-care clinics	Sociodemographically diverse inner-city population of approximately 45 000 patients