Table 1. Type of facility used for services offered in primary care settings in 56 low- and middle-income countries.
| Country (year of survey) | Income groupa | No. (%) of respondents using service |
||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contraceptives |
Antenatal care |
Childhood diarrhoea |
Childhood fever or cough |
|||||||||||||||||
| Total | Public hospitals | Public health centres | Private sector | Total | Public hospitals | Public health centres | Private sector | Total | Public hospitals | Public health centres | Private sector | Total | Public hospitals | Public health centres | Private sector | |||||
| Afghanistan (2015) | Low | 2 451 | 28.5 | 47.8 | 23.7 | 9 619 | 37.6 | 30.4 | 32.1 | 3 516 | 29.1 | 38.1 | 32.7 | 2 599 | 28.7 | 38.0 | 33.3 | |||
| Albania (2017–2018) | Upper middle | 40 | 13.6 | 80.0 | 6.4 | 1 704 | 58.6 | 24.3 | 17.1 | 94 | 39.3 | 52.7 | 7.9 | 122 | 30.6 | 66.2 | 3.2 | |||
| Angola (2015) | Upper middle | 746 | 35.2 | 57.4 | 7.4 | 6 576 | 31.4 | 60.6 | 8.1 | 863 | 31.3 | 56.8 | 11.9 | 872 | 30.9 | 59.8 | 9.4 | |||
| Armenia (2016) | Lower middle | 29 | 26.3 | 50.2 | 23.5 | 1 292 | 27.5 | 65.3 | 7.2 | 26 | 33.6 | 61.8 | 4.7 | 92 | 18.1 | 79.1 | 2.8 | |||
| Bangladesh (2014) | Low | 7 622 | 1.5 | 42.6 | 56.0 | 2 780 | 10.4 | 26.9 | 62.8 | 105 | 7.3 | 26.9 | 65.8 | 854 | 9.3 | 22.3 | 68.4 | |||
| Benin (2017–2018) | Low | 420 | 16.4 | 64.7 | 18.9 | 7 536 | 19.9 | 79.1 | 0.9 | 307 | 10.1 | 73.5 | 16.3 | 1 027 | 8.0 | 41.4 | 50.6 | |||
| Burkina Faso (2010) | Low | 1 326 | 14.3 | 81.5 | 4.2 | 9 406 | 6.4 | 92.3 | 1.4 | 838 | 17.4 | 79.6 | 3.1 | 1 609 | 16.7 | 79.6 | 3.6 | |||
| Burundi (2017) | Low | 1 494 | 9.1 | 85.9 | 5.0 | 7 929 | 8.5 | 77.1 | 14.4 | 1 504 | 5.4 | 81.8 | 12.8 | 2 903 | 4.8 | 81.3 | 13.9 | |||
| Cambodia (2014) | Low | 2 348 | 1.0 | 62.8 | 36.2 | 5 032 | 7.8 | 86.7 | 5.5 | 401 | 3.5 | 31.4 | 65.1 | 1 017 | 6.9 | 27.7 | 65.4 | |||
| Cameroon (2011) | Lower middle | 530 | 43.0 | 31.8 | 25.2 | 6 000 | 27.4 | 42.6 | 30.0 | 387 | 25.8 | 50.3 | 23.9 | 955 | 24.7 | 44.9 | 30.4 | |||
| Chad (2014–2015) | Low | 362 | 33.2 | 48.2 | 18.6 | 6 334 | 20.0 | 77.1 | 2.9 | 743 | 13.0 | 55.4 | 31.6 | 726 | 13.3 | 54.2 | 32.4 | |||
| Comoros (2012) | Low | 362 | 22.5 | 75.1 | 2.5 | 1 632 | 29.9 | 61.5 | 8.6 | 158 | 21.5 | 72.9 | 5.7 | 322 | 27.9 | 62.3 | 9.8 | |||
| Congo (2012) | Lower middle | 502 | 55.0 | 27.5 | 17.5 | 5 139 | 46.5 | 41.2 | 12.4 | 436 | 59.0 | 23.6 | 17.4 | 890 | 49.4 | 37.0 | 13.7 | |||
| Côte d’Ivoire (2011–2012) | Lower middle | 365 | 29.6 | 59.6 | 10.8 | 4 369 | 29.4 | 63.2 | 7.3 | 249 | 27.4 | 60.8 | 11.8 | 536 | 25.1 | 60.9 | 14.0 | |||
| Democratic Republic of the Congo (2014) | Low | 1 051 | 11.6 | 13.1 | 75.4 | 9 219 | 17.6 | 64.9 | 17.5 | 836 | 8.3 | 65.7 | 26.0 | 1 988 | 6.1 | 63.5 | 30.4 | |||
| Dominican Republic (2013) | Upper middle | 834 | 48.2 | 34.5 | 17.3 | 659 | 89.2 | 1.4 | 9.5 | 143 | 69.2 | 22.7 | 8.2 | 187 | 79.8 | 16.0 | 4.2 | |||
| Egypt (2014) | Lower middle | 2 690 | 7.3 | 88.7 | 4.0 | 12 701 | 2.1 | 9.8 | 88.2 | 1 090 | 9.5 | 14.3 | 76.2 | 1 940 | 8.9 | 13.4 | 77.7 | |||
| Ethiopia (2016) | Low | 2 583 | 2.3 | 81.1 | 16.5 | 4 326 | 6.1 | 88.2 | 5.8 | 534 | 4.8 | 71.3 | 23.9 | 371 | 5.2 | 63.9 | 30.9 | |||
| Gabon (2012) | Upper middle | 318 | 50.7 | 31.3 | 18.0 | 3 214 | 41.8 | 35.5 | 22.7 | 263 | 54.8 | 34.1 | 11.2 | 726 | 48.4 | 37.8 | 13.8 | |||
| Gambia (2013) | Low | 394 | 12.8 | 65.3 | 21.9 | 4 906 | 16.9 | 75.0 | 8.0 | 780 | 16.5 | 76.9 | 6.6 | 541 | 14.4 | 75.7 | 9.9 | |||
| Ghana (2014) | Lower middle | 628 | 29.7 | 61.4 | 8.9 | 3 675 | 48.4 | 40.5 | 11.1 | 233 | 29.3 | 54.8 | 15.9 | 466 | 32.7 | 50.0 | 17.4 | |||
| Guatemala (2014–2015) | Lower middle | 2 570 | 4.4 | 82.1 | 13.6 | 7 363 | 8.3 | 64.9 | 26.8 | 960 | 6.6 | 49.9 | 43.5 | 1 461 | 6.0 | 55.7 | 38.3 | |||
| Guinea (2018) | Low | 364 | 12.7 | 74.6 | 12.7 | 4 259 | 11.6 | 82.6 | 5.9 | 417 | 6.8 | 79.8 | 13.3 | 553 | 11.7 | 77.7 | 10.7 | |||
| Haiti (2017) | Low | 2 032 | 20.7 | 45.7 | 33.6 | 4 002 | 36.9 | 57.6 | 5.6 | 408 | 20.1 | 56.8 | 23.1 | 793 | 16.1 | 61.4 | 22.5 | |||
| Honduras (2012) | Lower middle | 3 001 | 4.4 | 79.0 | 16.6 | 7 399 | 14.3 | 68.8 | 17.0 | 824 | 16.5 | 63.2 | 20.2 | 1 523 | 12.5 | 64.4 | 23.1 | |||
| India (2016) | Lower middle | 19 799 | 13.5 | 24.7 | 61.8 | 108 798 | 33.2 | 27.8 | 39.0 | 12 908 | 14.4 | 8.3 | 77.4 | 23 211 | 16.1 | 9.1 | 74.8 | |||
| Indonesia (2017) | Lower middle | 11 926 | 0.2 | 34.1 | 65.7 | 10 525 | 2.6 | 33.1 | 64.3 | 1 238 | 2.4 | 42.2 | 55.4 | 3 128 | 1.7 | 38.1 | 60.2 | |||
| Jordan (2017–2018) | Lower middle | 1 129 | 4.7 | 73.5 | 21.9 | 5 937 | 19.0 | 12.3 | 68.7 | 404 | 21.3 | 29.5 | 49.2 | 468 | 13.8 | 39.3 | 46.9 | |||
| Kenya (2014) | Low | 6 652 | 18.1 | 50.3 | 31.6 | 6 206 | 31.8 | 52.0 | 16.3 | 1 362 | 17.7 | 63.4 | 18.9 | 3 355 | 17.7 | 60.3 | 22.1 | |||
| Kyrgyzstan (2012) | Low | 139 | 8.4 | 73.7 | 17.9 | 2 581 | 13.5 | 84.6 | 1.9 | 98 | 24.2 | 72.5 | 3.3 | 107 | 26.3 | 70.8 | 3.0 | |||
| Lesotho (2014) | Lower middle | 2 233 | 16.8 | 57.5 | 25.7 | 2 211 | 19.1 | 56.0 | 24.9 | 144 | 17.9 | 55.4 | 26.7 | 383 | 16.0 | 50.5 | 33.5 | |||
| Liberia (2013) | Low | 1 354 | 33.7 | 41.7 | 24.6 | 4 139 | 38.6 | 42.5 | 18.8 | 469 | 18.1 | 54.9 | 27.0 | 977 | 19.5 | 51.5 | 29.0 | |||
| Malawi (2016) | Low | 6 348 | 12.6 | 73.6 | 13.9 | 12 506 | 19.2 | 67.5 | 13.3 | 2 137 | 13.3 | 76.1 | 10.7 | 2 666 | 12.1 | 74.5 | 13.4 | |||
| Maldives (2016–2017) | Upper middle | 215 | 29.0 | 56.8 | 14.1 | 1 693 | 58.4 | 7.0 | 34.6 | 95 | 39.8 | 44.9 | 15.4 | 522 | 24.9 | 44.7 | 30.4 | |||
| Mali (2018) | Low | 592 | 2.0 | 78.0 | 20.0 | 4 863 | 2.3 | 91.5 | 6.2 | 407 | 1.8 | 80.8 | 17.4 | 427 | 0.7 | 81.5 | 17.8 | |||
| Mozambique (2011) | Low | 1 121 | 17.4 | 79.2 | 3.4 | 6 564 | 20.0 | 79.2 | 0.8 | 596 | 93.4 | 0.7 | 5.8 | 987 | 93.4 | 1.0 | 5.6 | |||
| Myanmar (2015–2016) | Lower middle | 2 204 | 10.7 | 68.3 | 21.1 | 2 304 | 28.3 | 59.0 | 12.7 | 207 | 24.4 | 47.1 | 28.5 | 437 | 18.8 | 47.9 | 33.4 | |||
| Namibia (2013) | Upper middle | 3 429 | 23.2 | 67.9 | 8.9 | 3 431 | 33.1 | 58.4 | 8.5 | 410 | 27.5 | 66.7 | 5.8 | 682 | 24.3 | 62.1 | 13.6 | |||
| Nepal (2016) | Low | 1 364 | 6.0 | 72.4 | 21.6 | 2 775 | 28.6 | 51.7 | 19.7 | 131 | 11.2 | 32.6 | 56.2 | 477 | 12.4 | 26.2 | 61.4 | |||
| Nigeria (2018) | Lower middle | 1 112 | 30.6 | 55.9 | 13.6 | 14 824 | 31.5 | 50.0 | 18.5 | 1 050 | 23.5 | 66.3 | 10.2 | 2 135 | 22.2 | 65.4 | 12.4 | |||
| Pakistan (2017–2018) | Lower middle | 580 | 19.0 | 61.3 | 19.7 | 5 160 | 23.8 | 2.6 | 73.7 | 1 143 | 14.0 | 2.9 | 83.1 | 1 870 | 12.8 | 3.6 | 83.6 | |||
| Papua New Guinea (2016–2018) | Lower middle | 1 228 | 19.5 | 74.6 | 6.0 | 4 902 | 24.9 | 70.2 | 4.9 | 476 | 18.8 | 75.0 | 6.2 | 695 | 16.2 | 78.8 | 5.0 | |||
| Peru (2012) | Upper middle | 3 665 | 12.2 | 85.2 | 2.7 | 5 924 | 20.3 | 71.0 | 8.8 | 299 | 20.9 | 62.7 | 16.4 | 1 392 | 16.7 | 58.8 | 24.5 | |||
| Philippines (2017) | Lower middle | 1 957 | 1.4 | 94.7 | 4.0 | 6 685 | 10.5 | 64.5 | 25.0 | 254 | 11.7 | 52.8 | 35.5 | 733 | 10.9 | 55.2 | 33.9 | |||
| Rwanda (2014–2015) | Low | 2 668 | 0.6 | 96.6 | 2.8 | 5 732 | 2.7 | 96.1 | 1.2 | 318 | 1.4 | 93.4 | 5.2 | 829 | 1.8 | 89.6 | 8.6 | |||
| Senegal (2017) | Low | 1 614 | 3.8 | 89.6 | 6.6 | 7 194 | 5.4 | 86.7 | 7.9 | 719 | 2.6 | 92.0 | 5.4 | 807 | 4.3 | 88.0 | 7.7 | |||
| Sierra Leone (2013) | Low | 2 058 | 15.0 | 69.7 | 15.2 | 7 365 | 17.4 | 79.6 | 2.9 | 564 | 16.4 | 77.9 | 5.7 | 1 615 | 12.9 | 82.9 | 4.2 | |||
| South Africa (2016) | Upper middle | 2 847 | 8.4 | 86.6 | 5.0 | 2 696 | 11.2 | 78.6 | 10.2 | 188 | 8.5 | 75.2 | 16.3 | 312 | 4.3 | 73.6 | 22.0 | |||
| Tajikistan (2017) | Lower middle | 337 | 9.9 | 90.1 | 0.1 | 3 761 | 6.6 | 92.7 | 0.7 | 404 | 16.3 | 80.3 | 3.5 | 245 | 17.3 | 76.6 | 6.1 | |||
| Timor-Leste (2016) | Lower middle | 1 084 | 11.5 | 83.7 | 4.8 | 3 990 | 15.2 | 82.2 | 2.6 | 474 | 13.1 | 79.1 | 7.9 | 481 | 15.1 | 77.7 | 7.2 | |||
| Togo (2014) | Low | 563 | 18.1 | 66.2 | 15.7 | 4 228 | 20.5 | 67.0 | 12.5 | 219 | 17.0 | 66.9 | 16.1 | 601 | 17.5 | 60.0 | 22.5 | |||
| Uganda (2016) | Low | 3 060 | 8.6 | 47.4 | 43.9 | 9 152 | 19.8 | 68.6 | 11.5 | 1 637 | 5.5 | 42.3 | 52.3 | 2 860 | 5.1 | 45.1 | 49.8 | |||
| United Republic of Tanzania (2016) | Low | 1 450 | 8.8 | 74.9 | 16.3 | 6 429 | 9.8 | 77.0 | 13.3 | 474 | 8.9 | 69.0 | 22.1 | 716 | 7.7 | 64.7 | 27.6 | |||
| Yemen (2013) | Lower middle | 1 765 | 28.5 | 52.4 | 19.2 | 5 638 | 31.9 | 19.3 | 48.9 | 1 246 | 25.4 | 30.7 | 43.9 | 1 161 | 24.6 | 29.8 | 45.6 | |||
| Zambia (2013–2014) | Lower middle | 3 481 | 7.0 | 88.1 | 4.9 | 8 667 | 10.9 | 84.5 | 4.7 | 1 087 | 8.7 | 86.2 | 5.1 | 2 317 | 7.6 | 86.8 | 5.6 | |||
| Zimbabwe (2015) | Low | 2 980 | 11.9 | 79.8 | 8.3 | 4 283 | 26.3 | 66.4 | 7.3 | 404 | 9.1 | 76.6 | 14.4 | 418 | 7.5 | 69.6 | 22.9 | |||
| All countries | NA | 126 012 | 16.9 | 64.7 | 18.5 | 418 236 | 23.1 | 58.9 | 18.1 | 47 677 | 19.9 | 56.4 | 23.7 | 82 082 | 18.5 | 55.3 | 26.1 | |||
NA: not applicable.
a World Bank classification.15
Notes: Data shown include individual-level sampling weights. Public clinics include any non-hospital public facility type such as: primary or community health centres, welfare centres, health posts, public clinics, mobile clinics, government dispensaries, family welfare centres or public family doctor’s office.