Table 3. Laboratory findings and the risk of severity in Covid-19 patients.
| Clinical
characteristics |
NS | Model | Value | pE | pHet | p | OR | 95%CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe | Mild | ||||||||
| Complete Blood Count | |||||||||
| WBC (10^9/L) | 14 | Random | 7.32 ± 3.84 | 5.17 ± 2.04 | 1.4980 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 4.92 | 2.12-11.31 |
| Leukocytosis | 6 | Fixed | 62 [26.00] | 40[6.03] | 0.0000 | 0.5940 | <0.0001 | 5.38 | 3.36-8.62 |
| Leukopenia | 6 | Fixed | 44 [18.00] | 206 [31.07] | 0.2890 | 0.2480 | 0.0160 | 0.59 | 0.41-0.87 |
| Neutrophil count
(10^9/L) |
12 | Random | 5.96 ± 3.62 | 3.84 ± 2.12 | 1.6380 | <0.0001 | 0.0010 | 5.45 | 2.04-14.54 |
| Lymphocyte count
(10^9/L) |
15 | Random | 0.74 ± 0.36 | 1.03 ± 0.44 | 0.6440 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.34 | 0.23-0.50 |
| Lymphocytopenia | 6 | Random | 158 [59.00] | 40 [6.03] | 0.8270 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 3.19 | 1.14-7.07 |
| Monocyte count
(10^9/L) |
6 | Random | 0.38 ± 0.17 | 0.36 ± 0.15 | 0.5860 | 0.0100 | 0.5100 | 1.22 | 0.68-2.20 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 9 | Fixed | 129.11 ± 16.98 | 132.02 ± 17.50 | 0.0900 | 0.4000 | 0.0460 | 0.76 | 0.58-1.00 |
| Anaemia | 2 | Random | 18 [17.00] | 39 [10.32] | 0.7640 | 0.0660 | 0.4730 | 1.58 | 0.45-5.56 |
| Platelet count (10^9/L) | 12 | Random | 172.58 ± 69.19 | 183.21 ± 62.50 | 0.5550 | 0.0010 | 0.8200 | 0.82 | 0.55-1.23 |
| Physiological function | |||||||||
| AST (U/L) | 11 | Random | 56.20 ± 35.83 | 28.67 ± 11.18 | 0.6930 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 4.91 | 2.96-8.12 |
| ALT (U/L) | 12 | Random | 38.65 ± 22.90 | 25.60 ± 14.71 | 0.8060 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 3.23 | 1.90-5.52 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 7 | Random | 15.80 ± 9.50 | 13.46 ± 4.62 | 1.6600 | <0.0001 | 0.5800 | 1.46 | 0.41-5.21 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 6 | Random | 32.39 ± 3.64 | 35.53 ± 3.71 | 2.3900 | <0.0001 | 0.0950 | 0.19 | 0.03-1.34 |
| aPTT (s) | 7 | Random | 31.23 ± 5.02 | 33.13 ± 3.66 | 1.1900 | <0.0001 | 0.3420 | 0.58 | 0.19-1.79 |
| PTT (s) | 11 | Random | 13.45 ± 1.86 | 12.53 ± 1.31 | 0.7700 | <0.0001 | 0.2430 | 0.56 | 0.21-1.48 |
| Serum creatinine
(μmol/L) |
13 | Random | 82.04 ± 31.69 | 70.25 ± 20.87 | 0.6670 | <0.0001 | 0.0010 | 2.14 | 1.37-3.33 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 10 | Random | 6.71 ± 2.70 | 4.74 ± 1.38 | 1.0220 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 6.15 | 3.05-12.37 |
| Hs-Troponin I (pg/ml) | 6 | Random | 31.9 ± 61.55 | 3.55 ± 3.71 | 1.1290 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 9.25 | 3.51-24.37 |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 10 | Random | 121.13 ± 115.63 | 77.47 ± 56.26 | 0.4860 | 0.0030 | <0.0001 | 2.44 | 1.65-3.62 |
| Inflammation markers | |||||||||
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 10 | Random | 73.25 ± 49.97 | 29.96 ± 24.40 | 1.5600 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 14.27 | 5.13-39.71 |
| CRP >8 mg/L | 3 | Random | 147 [83.10] | 254 [52] | 1.1590 | 0.0050 | 0.0060 | 8.34 | 1.85-37.62 |
| ESR (mm/h) | 4 | Random | 50.60 ± 27.25 | 29.19 ± 26.52 | 0.4200 | 0.0710 | <0.0001 | 4.45 | 2.56-7.76 |
| Elevated ESR | 2 | Fixed | 73 [68.00] | 214 [44.49] | <0.0001 | 0.8060 | <0.0001 | 2.80 | 1.78-4.39 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 8 | Random | 30.45 ± 31.29 | 11.06 ± 10.89 | 0.9120 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 6.68 | 3.20-13.94 |
| Elevated IL-6 | 2 | Fixed | 44 [66] | 115 [46.56] | <0.0001 | 0.7160 | 0.0200 | 1.98 | 1.12-3.52 |
| CD4 count(10^9/L) | 3 | Random | 217.19 ± 118.56 | 337.87 ± 149.93 | 1.5920 | 0.0010 | 0.2760 | 0.34 | 0.05-2.39 |
| CD8 count (10^9/L) | 3 | Random | 178.80 ± 95.77 | 224.17 ± 76.36 | 1.4260 | 0.0030 | 0.1420 | 0.26 | 0.04-1.57 |
| Others | |||||||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 3 | Random | 7.04 ± 1.83 | 6.45 ± 1.33 | 0.9480 | 0.0030 | 0.3340 | 1.80 | 0.55-5.90 |
| D-dimer (pg/mL) | 15 | Random | 111.34 ± 145.12 | 38.88 ± 28.93 | 0.6070 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 6.19 | 4.22 - 9.08 |
| Serum Ferritin (μg/L) | 4 | Fixed | 1062.90 ± 868.19 | 600.67 ± 758.61 | 0.4310 | 0.1070 | 0.0310 | 1.96 | 1.06-3.62 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 3 | Random | 137.40 ± 3.13 | 92.39 ± 1.77 | 3.2770 | <0.0001 | 0.2840 | 11.93 | 0.13-1109.37 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 3 | Random | 4.12 ± 0.61 | 4.00 ± 0.54 | 0.9630 | 0.0010 | 0.7470 | 1.21 | 0.32-0.75 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase
(U/L) |
9 | Random | 381.85 ± 159.44 | 283. 03 ± 89.40 | 0.6840 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 8.28 | 4.75-14.46 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 10 | Random | 0.40 ± 0.29 | 0.12 ± 0.07 | 0.9880 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 6.62 | 3.32-13.21 |
Note: Value, data were presented in number [%] or mean ± SD; NS, number of studies; pE, p Egger; pHet, p heterogeneity; OR, odd ratio; CI, confidence interval; CBC, complete blood count; WBC, white blood cells; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Hs-CRP, high sensitivity C reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IL, interleukin.