Table. Demographic, Clinical, and Exposure Characteristics of People With COVID-19, Stratified by Race, April 13 to June 8, 2020, San Francisco, California.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Asian | Black or African American | Hispanic or Latino/all racesa | White | ||
| Study population, assigned | 1633 | 151 (9.3) | 65 (4.0) | 1044 (64.0) | 168 (10.3) | |
| Interviewed | 1394 (85.4) | 137 (90.7) | 47 (72.3) | 972 (93.1) | 148 (88.1) | <.001 |
| Not interviewed | 239 (14.6) | 14 (9.3) | 18 (27.7) | 72 (6.9) | 20 (11.9) | |
| Of those interviewed | ||||||
| Cases interviewedc | 1394 (100.0) | 137 (9.8) | 47 (3.4) | 972 (69.7) | 148 (10.6) | NA |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 37 (26-49) | 48 (30-65) | 52 (35-65) | 35 (24-45) | 43 (34-57) | NA |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 550 (39.6) | 59 (43.1) | 9 (19.1) | 399 (41.0) | 47 (31.8) | .003 |
| Male | 842 (60.3) | 78 (56.9) | 38 (80.9) | 571 (58.7) | 101 (68.2) | |
| Transmission category | ||||||
| Contact with known case | 704 (50.5) | 60 (43.8) | 18 (38.3) | 540 (55.6) | 46 (31.1) | <.001 |
| Community transmission | 690 (49.5) | 77 (56.2) | 29 (61.7) | 432 (44.4) | 102 (68.9) | |
| Clinical status | ||||||
| Ever hospitalized | 118 (8.5) | 28 (20.4) | 6 (12.8) | 62 (6.4) | 13 (8.8) | <.001 |
| Not hospitalized | 1256 (90.1) | 107 (78.1) | 40 (85.1) | 901 (92.7) | 135 (91.2) | |
| Unknown | 20 (1.4) | 2 (1.5) | 1 (2.1) | 9 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Living situation | ||||||
| Homeless or shelter | 51 (3.7) | 2 (1.5) | 11 (23.4) | 20 (2.1) | 12 (8.1) | <.001 |
| SRO | 137 (9.8) | 10 (7.3) | 9 (19.1) | 96 (9.9) | 8 (5.4) | |
| Other housing situation | 1206 (86.5) | 125 (91.2) | 27 (57.4) | 856 (88.1) | 128 (86.5) | |
| Worked during infectious period | ||||||
| Went to work | 330 (23.7) | 35 (25.5) | 9 (19.1) | 234 (24.1) | 33 (22.3) | .68 |
| Did not work | 1035 (74.3) | 98 (71.5) | 37 (78.7) | 725 (74.6) | 113 (76.4) | |
| Unknown | 29 (2.1) | 4 (2.9) | 1 (2.1) | 13 (1.3) | 2 (1.4) | |
| Symptoms | ||||||
| Asymptomatic | 256 (18.4) | 25 (18.2) | 12 (25.5) | 176 (18.1) | 25 (16.9) | .33 |
| Any symptoms | 1123 (80.9) | 109 (79.6) | 35 (74.5) | 791 (81.4) | 122 (82.4) | |
| Unknown | 9 (0.6) | 3 (2.2) | 0 | 5 (0.5) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Preexisting medical conditions | ||||||
| Any preexisting condition | 520 (37.3) | 62 (45.3) | 23 (48.9) | 330 (34.0) | 67 (45.3) | .004 |
| No known medical conditions | 834 (59.8) | 69 (50.0) | 23 (48.9) | 621 (63.9) | 76 (51.4) | |
| Immune suppression | 83 (6.0) | 9 (6.6) | 4 (8.5) | 32 (3.3) | 30 (20.3) | <.001 |
| Household size | ||||||
| 1 | 138 (9.9) | 16 (11.7) | 16 (34.0) | 64 (6.6) | 29 (19.6) | <.001 |
| 2-4 | 610 (43.8) | 88 (64.2) | 17 (36.2) | 383 (39.4) | 87 (58.8) | |
| ≥5 | 603 (43.2) | 32 (23.4) | 7 (14.9) | 510 (52.5) | 22 (14.9) | |
| Unknown | 43 (3.1) | 1 (0.7) | 7 (14.9) | 15 (1.5) | 10 (6.8) | |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; SRO, single room occupancy building.
a
Demographic data not reliably available prior to interview.
b
Categorical variables compared with χ2 or Fisher exact test.
c
Not all races displayed as columns. Multiethnic, Native American, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander people collectively account for 3% of cases and are not included in statistical comparisons.