Table 3.
Odds ratios (ORs) for urinary incontinence (UI) (dependent variable) for persons with high anxiety score- and for persons with high depression-score (HADS-A and HADS-D ≥ 8, respectively) versus normal anxiety-score and normal depression-score (HADS-A and HADS-D < 8, respectively) (independent variables). ORs for the different drug groups by different volume (DDD) of drug use. N = 21,803
| Anxiety (HADS-A ≥ 8) | Depression (HADS-D ≥ 8) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR * | OR** | OR* | OR** | ||
| Reference (HADS-A/−D < 8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Any UI | 1.48 (1.36–1.60) | 1.48 (1.36–1.61) | 1.58 (1.42–1.76) | 1.55 (1.39–1.73) | |
| Antidepressants (n = 1947) | Low DDD (n = 866) | 1.10 (0.94–1.30) | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | ||
| Medium DDD (n = 684) | 1.30 (1.08–1.55) | 1.31 (1.09–1.56) | |||
| High DDD (n = 397) | 1.36 (1.08–1.71) | 1.40 (1.12–1.77) | |||
| Opioid analgesics (n = 1697) | Low DDD (n = 674) | 0.80 (0.67–0.97) | 0.80 (0.66–0.97) | ||
| Medium DDD (n = 678) | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | |||
| High DDD (n = 345) | 1.08 (0.83–1.40) | 1.08 (0.83–1.41) | |||
| Other analgesics (n = 1412) | Low DDD (n = 417) | 0.88 (0.69–1.11) | 0.88 (0.69–1.11) | ||
| Medium DDD (n = 744) | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | |||
| High DDD (n = 251) | 1.18 (0.88–1.58) | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | |||
| Antiepileptic drugs (n = 393) | Low DDD (n = 156) | 0.86 (0.58–1.26) | 0.85 (0.58–1.26) | ||
| Medium DDD (n = 165) | 1.21 (0.85–1.73) | 1.23 (0.86–1.75) | |||
| High DDD (n = 72) | 1.13 (0.67–1.92) | 1.13 (0.67–1.92) | |||
| Antiparkinson drugs (n = 95) | Low DDD (n = 36) | 1.18 (0.55–2.46) | 1.18 (0.56–2.50) | ||
| Medium DDD (n = 40) | 1.35 (0.68–2.92) | 1.28 (0.62–2.70) | |||
| High DDD (n = 19) | 2.64 (1.02–6.85) | 2.47 (0.94–6.45) | |||
| Antipsychotic drugs (n = 379) | Low DDD (n = 153) | 1.38 (0.96–1.98) | 1.40 (0.98–2.01) | ||
| Medium DDD (n = 143) | 0.97 (0.66–1.44) | 0.97 (0.66–1.44) | |||
| High DDD (n = 83) | 1.14 (0.69–1.89) | 1.15 (0.70–1.90) | |||
| Anxiolytic drugs (n = 1172) | Low DDD (n = 449) | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | ||
| Medium DDD (n = 485) | 0.80 (0.64–1.00) | 0.86 (0.69–1.07) | |||
| High DDD (n = 238) | 0.64 (0.45–0.91) | 0.67 (0.48–0.95) | |||
| Hypnotic and sedative drugs (n = 2175) | Low DDD (n = 930) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.99 (0.84–1.15) | ||
| Medium DDD (n = 827) | 0.79 (0.66–0.94) | 0.80 (0.67–0.95) | |||
| High DDD (n = 418) | 1.00 (0.79–1.28) | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | |||
*Adjusted for age, BMI, parity, diabetes, asthma, myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke, chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, use of urologic medication and use of estrogen replacement medication. ** Adjusted for the factors* and in addition psychotropic drugs. DDD: defined daily dose