Table 2.
Clinical Applications Multi-Wavelength Fluorescence Imaging.
| Author | Indication | N = | Dyes used | Type of imaging set-up | Camera system |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurosurgery | |||||
| Acerbi et al, 201647 | Differentiation between high-grade glioma and surrounding vasculature | 3 | Fluorescein ICG |
Simultaneous | YELLOW 560 microscope system; Carl Zeiss (FDA approved) FLOW 800 microscope system; Carl Zeiss (FDA approved) |
| Lane et al, 201548 | Sequential angiographic imaging of complex cerebral aneurysms | 22 | Fluorescein ICG |
Sequential | YELLOW 560 microscope system; Carl Zeiss (FDA approved) FLOW 800 microscope system; Carl Zeiss (FDA approved) |
| Francaviglia et al, 201749 | Evaluation complete resection of high-grade gliomas | 47 | Fluorescein PpIX5-ALA |
Simultaneous | OPMI Pentero 900 microscope + Yellow 560 filter (Carl Zeiss) |
| Della Puppa et al, 201950 | Staining different molecular properties of glioblastoma to enhance sensitivity | 3 | Fluorescein PpIX5-ALA |
Simultaneous | Yellow 560 microscope system; Carl Zeiss (FDA approved) Blue 400 microscope system; Carl Zeiss (FDA approved) |
| Yano et al, 201751 | Staining different molecular properties of glioblastoma to enhance sensitivity | 8 | Fluorescein PpIX5-ALA |
Simultaneous | Laparoscopic D-light system; Storz (FDA approved) |
| Schwake et al, 201552 | Staining different molecular properties of glioblastoma to enhance sensitivity | 4 | Fluorescein PpIX5-ALA |
Simultaneous | FL560 (M530 OH6; microscope); Leica (FDA approved) equipped with a FL400 filter; Leica microscope (FDA approved) |
| Suero Molina et al, 201953 | Differentiation between high-grade glioma and surrounding tissue | 6 | Fluorescein PpIX5-ALA |
Simultaneous | modified experimental xenon light system (ex 390–475 nm; Carl Zeiss Meditec. CE marked), integrated into a standard OPMI Pentero microscope + BLUE 400 filter |
| Suero Molina, 201854 | Staining different molecular properties of brain stem malignancies to enhance sensitivity | 1 | Fluorescein PpIX5-ALA |
Simultaneous | Yellow 560 system; Zeiss microscope (FDA approved) Blue 400 system; Zeiss (FDA approved) |
| Eyüpoglu et al, 201555 | Staining different molecular properties of glioblastoma to enhance sensitivity | 3 | ICG PpIX5-ALA |
Simultaneous | OPMI Pentero; Zeiss microscope (FDA approved) No further specifics are reported |
| Bladder cancer | |||||
| Marien et al, 201756 | Diagnosis assisted trans urethral dissection bladder cancer | 21 (ex vivo) |
Fluorescein PpIXHAL |
Simultaneous | GastroFlex; Cellvizio fiber-confocal microscope (FDA approved) Ultra Mini O Probe; Cellvizio fiber-confocal microscope (not-FDA approved) Exera II endoscopic system; Olympus (FDA approved) |
| Kriegmair et al, 202057 | Real-time diagnosis of malignant bladder lesions | 10 | PpIXHEXVIX
Autofluorescence |
Simultaneous | Custom built camera system equipped with PDD endoscopes (Karl STORZ WL, enhanced vascular contrast (EVC), blue light fluorescence, protoporphyrin IX fluorescence, and autofluorescence. |
| Hepatic lesions | |||||
| Kaibori et al, 201658 | Ddetection of surface related liver tumors | 48 | ICG PpIX5-ala |
Sequential | -Photodynamic eye wide field fluorescence camera (PDE); Hamamatsu photonics (FDA approved) + specific blue light (prototype); SBI pharmaceuticals +additional filter |
| Hu et al, 201940 | Detection of surface related liver tumors | 23 | ICG NIR I ICG NIR II |
Simultaneous | Custom built prototype; PCO.edge 5.5 m; PCO AG) enabling NIRvana 640; Teledyne Princeton Instruments |
| Parathyroid | |||||
| Kahramangil et al, 201759 | Identification parathyroid glands | 22 | ICG Autofluorescence Parathyroid |
Sequential | Not specified |
| Alesina et al, 201860 | Identifying parathyroid glands and their vascularization during thyroidectomy | 5 | ICG Autofluorescence Parathyroid |
Sequential & Simultaneous |
IMAGE1S; Karl Storz endoscope (FDA approved) |
| Lerchenberger et al, 201961 | Identifying parathyroid glands and their vascularization during thyroidectomy | 50 | ICG Autofluorescence Parathyroid |
Sequential | Image1 H3-Z 3- Chip Full HD camera; Karl Storz laparoscope (FDA approved) |
| Ladurner et al, 201962 | Identifying parathyroid glands and their vascularization during thyroidectomy | 117 | ICG Autofluorescence Parathyroid |
Sequential | Image1 H3-Z 3- Chip Full HD camera; Karl Storz laparoscope (FDA approved) |
| Lymphatics | |||||
| Laios et al, 201563 | Determine association between injection site and SN detection using 2 different dyes | 2 | Methylene blue ICG |
Simultaneous | Super HAD CCD II; Sony Hopkins II rigid laparoscope (prototype) |
| van den Berg et al, 201720 | Visualization of SN and the associated lymph ducts | 10 | Fluorescein ICG |
Sequential | Image 1 HUB HD + D-light P system; Karl Storz laparoscope (FDA approved) |
| Plastic surgery | |||||
| Phillips et al, 201264 | Tissue perfusion during flap reconstruction | 32 | Fluorescein ICG |
Sequential | SPY 2001 widefield Imaging System (Novadaq) Wood’s lamp. |