Table 2.

Analysis of Cancer-Associated Genes Used as Biomarkers and With Potential Use in Biosensors.

Genomic marker	Cancer type	Clinical use	Detection method	References
PD-L1	Lung	Selection of patients for therapy	NGS-TMB determination	Cyriac and Gandhi, 201846
STX2	Lung, colorectal		Exome sequencing, qRT-PCR	Lawrence et al., 2014;47 Wang et al., 201848
ARHGAP35	Lung, osteosarcoma	Risk associated to rs1052667 polymorphism detection	Exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, SNP Genotyping	Kandoth et al., 201349; Lawrence et al., 201447; Zhao et al., 201450; Campbell et al., 201651
PIP	Breast		qRT-PCR	Gangadharan et al., 201851
MSH2	Hepatocellular carcinoma, lung	Risk associated to rs2303428 polymorphism detection	SNP Genotyping	Zhu et al., 201852; Lo et al., 201153
ACYP2	Breast	Risk associated to rs1682111 and rs10439478 polymorphisms detection	SNP Genotyping	Wu et al., 201854
NER genes  ERCC1-5  RAD23B  XPA  XPC  XPE	Esophagus	Prognosis-associated to detection of rs3759497, rs3731054, rs2097215 and rs3916788 polymorphisms	SNP Genotyping	Zhang et al.,201855
POLK	Prostate, melanoma, lung, large intestine	Risk associated to detection of 9 different polymorphisms	SNP Genotyping and site directed mutagenesis	Antczak et al., 201856
ERCC1	Prostate	Cancer aggressiveness associated to detection of rs11615 polymorphism	SNP Genotyping	Henríquez-Hernández et al., 201457
ATM	Prostate	Cancer aggressiveness associated to detection of rs17503908 polymorphism; risk associated to specific mutation	SNP Genotyping, Genomic data analysis	Henríquez-Hernández et al., 201457 Marshall et al., 201858
BRCA1/2	Prostate	Risk associated to specific mutation	SNP Genotyping	Marshall et al., 201858
VTCN1	Breast, lung		Microarray analysis	Akiyama et al., 201659
AKT1  PIK3CA  PTEN  TP53	Breast	Risk associated to specific mutation	NGS	Li et al., 201860
RUNX1	Breast	Poor prognosis	Tissue microarray/IHC	Ferrari et al., 201461
miR-21 miR-210	Breast	Poor prognosis	Meta-analysis	Adhami et al., 201762
miR-15b-5p miR-16-5p miR-20a-5p	Lung	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR/ Fluorescence quantum dots liquid bead array	Fan et al., 201563
miR-30b-5p miR-96-5p miR-182-5p miR-374b-5p miR-942-5p	Breast	Diagnostic	Microarray/qRT-PCR	Zhang et al., 201764
SCGB2A2	Prostate	Risk associated to differentially methylated detection from biological samples	Bisulfite-converted sample DNA assay	Sherlock et al., 201465
ZNF154	Prostate	Prognosis	RNAseq/ NGS methylation detection	Zhang et al., 201866
ADAMTS1 BNC1	Pancreas	Early detection	Bisulfite-converted sample DNA assay	Eissa et al., 201967
CX43	Lung	Poor prognosis	Tissue microarray/IHC	Aasen et al., 201968