Table 6.
Associations of Number Vessels Having Peripheral Artery Disease With Total Mortality, Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Individuals Who Did Not Have Leg Pain With Walking (n = 4,936), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, United States, 2000–2015
| Model 1 c | Model 2 d | Model 3 e | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome and No. of Vessels With ABI of  0.9a
|
No. of Participants | No. of Events | Rate b | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI |
| Mortality | |||||||||
| 0 | 4,367 | 702 | 12.2 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1 | 338 | 82 | 19.4 | 1.40 | 1.11, 1.76 | 1.42 | 1.12, 1.79 | 1.26 | 0.98, 1.62 |
| 2 | 148 | 51 | 28.4 | 1.76 | 1.32, 2.35 | 1.59 | 1.17, 2.14 | 1.22 | 0.85, 1.74 |
| 3 | 42 | 25 | 53.6 | 2.04 | 1.36, 3.07 | 1.73 | 1.15, 2.61 | 1.24 | 0.77, 2.00 |
| 4 | 41 | 26 | 67.2 | 3.04 | 2.04, 4.53 | 2.41 | 1.57, 3.70 | 1.56 | 0.92, 2.65 |
| P for trendf | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.07 | ||||||
| Hard CVDg | |||||||||
| 0 | 4,360 | 406 | 7.6 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1 | 338 | 34 | 8.8 | 1.09 | 0.77, 1.56 | 1.03 | 0.72, 1.47 | 0.88 | 0.60, 1.27 |
| 2 | 147 | 29 | 17.8 | 1.97 | 1.34, 2.88 | 1.72 | 1.15, 2.59 | 1.15 | 0.70, 1.88 |
| 3 | 42 | 10 | 24.5 | 1.92 | 1.01, 3.63 | 1.41 | 0.74, 2.69 | 0.87 | 0.42, 1.78 |
| 4 | 41 | 13 | 38.1 | 3.24 | 1.85, 6.57 | 2.14 | 1.21, 3.81 | 1.12 | 0.55, 2.30 |
| P for trendf | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.95 | ||||||
| CVD death | |||||||||
| 0 | 4,367 | 163 | 2.8 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| 1 | 338 | 17 | 4.0 | 1.24 | 0.75, 2.05 | 1.24 | 0.74, 2.06 | 0.96 | 0.56, 1.63 |
| 2 | 148 | 16 | 8.9 | 2.35 | 1.39, 3.98 | 2.40 | 1.40, 4.10 | 1.29 | 0.65, 2.56 |
| 3 | 42 | 7 | 15.0 | 2.44 | 1.13, 5.28 | 2.10 | 0.96, 4.58 | 0.97 | 0.38, 2.45 |
| 4 | 41 | 9 | 23.3 | 4.42 | 2.21, 8.81 | 3.39 | 1.64, 6.99 | 1.24 | 0.47, 3.27 |
| P for trendf | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.74 | ||||||
Abbreviations: ABI, ankle brachial index; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DP, dorsalis pedis artery; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; PT, posterior tibial artery.
a Leg-specific ABI was calculated using the traditional method by taking the systolic pressure in the higher of the DP/PT artery divided by highest of 2 brachial systolic pressures.
b Crude incidence rate per 1,000 person-years.
c Model 1 adjusts for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and height.
d Model 2 adjusts for model 1 + systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, statin use, diabetes, smoking status, cigarette pack-years, kidney function, physical activity, alcohol use, and cancer history.
e Model 3 adjusts for model 2 + ABI.
f P for trend calculated by treating number of vessels with ABI of ≤0.9 as continuous variable in regression models.
g Included MI, resuscitated cardiac arrest, MI death, stroke, and stroke death.