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. 2020 Oct 30;13:871–881. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S276938

Table 3.

Associations Between Stress Levels and Different Variables

Categories No Stress (%) Mild Stress (%) OR (95% CI) p-value Moderate Stress (%) OR (95% CI) p-value Severe Stress (%) OR (95% CI) p-value
Gender
 Male 81(49.6) 55(33.7) 0.95(0.48 to 1.85) 0.88 20(12.3) 0.86(0.34 to 2.18) 0.75 7(4.3) |
 Female 28(35) 20(25) | 8(10) | 24(30) 9.91(3.85 to 25.52) <0.0001
Age
 18 to 21 62(44.9) 37(26.8) | 14(10.1) | 25(18.1) 3.15(1.19 to 8.31) 0.01
 22 to 25 47(45.2) 37(35.6) 1.31(0.72 to 2.38) 0.35 14(13.5) 1.31(0.57 to 3.03) 0.51 6(5.8) |
 26 and above 0(0) 1(100) 0 0 0
Year of study
 1st 21(40.4) 18(34.6) 2.14(0.68 to 6.7) 0.18 8(15.4) 5.71(0.64 to 50.6) 0.11 5(9.6) 2.53(0.54 to 11.7) 0.23
 2nd 32(50) 26(40.6) 2.03(0.69 to 5.97) 0.19 3(4.7) 1.40(0.13 to 14.6) 0.77 3(4.7) | 0.74
 3rd 15(36.6) 6(14.6) | 0.64 1(2.4) 2.27(0.24 to 21.1) 0.47 19(46.3) 13.5(3.45 to 52.82) 0.0002
 4th 33(63.5) 10(19.2) 0.75(0.23 to 2.47) 0.64 5(9.6) | 4(7.7) 1.29(0.26 to 6.23) 0.74
 5th 8(23.5) 15(44.1) 4.68(1.30 to 16 0.82) 0.017 11(32.4) 20.6(2.2 to 189.8) 0.0075 0(0) 0
Coping strategies
 Regular exercise. 49(44.5) 37(33.6) 0.86(0.46 to 1.62) 0.65 1(0.9) 0 23(20.5) 2.32(1.16 to 4.63) 0.016
 Movie, play game. 102(44.7) 70(30.7) 0.78(0.45 to 1.36) 0.39 25(11.0) 2.23(0.98 to 5.04) 0.05 31(13.6) 1.50(0.80 to 2.81) 0.2
 Fun with friends & family. 72(39.8) 61(33.7) 0.97(0.54 to 1.7) 0.92 21(11.6) 2.65(1.14 to 6.17) 0.002 27(14.9) 1.85(0.96 to 3.56) 0.06
 Religious activities. 82(46.1) 69(38.8) 0.96(0.55 to 1.6) 0.9 9(5.1) | 0.11 18(10.1) 1.08(0.53 to 2.18) 0.81
 Learn to live current COVID situation and accept it. 99(45.1) 71(32.6) 0.82(0.47 to 1.4) 0.48 28(12.8) 2.57(1.15 to 5.76) 0.021 20(9.2) |
 Refusing to believe current COIVD situation. 5(20.8) 8(33.3) 1.83(0.54 to 6.14) 0.32 0 0 11(45.8) 10.89(3.40 to 34.78) 0.0001
 Online help advice friend and experts to feel good. 39(34.8) 34(30.4) | 20(17.9) 4.67(1.94 to 11.19) 0.0005 19(17.0) 2.41(1.16 to 4.99) 0.018