Table 3.

Therapeutic potential of GFs for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Name	Drug administration and dosage	Animal models	Outcomes	Ref.
NGF	Administration of 80 ng NGF/day for 3 weeks via via T-tube nerve chambers	Crush injury approximately 4–5 mm in rats	• Superior axonal regeneration and robust behavioral locomotor recovery	[124]
FGF1	aFGF mixture (2.1 mg/mL) was placed in the gap	5-mm sciatic nerve gap in rats	• Creating a favorable environment for axonal regeneration and locomotor function	[159]
FGF2	Scafford incorporated with bFGF (400 μg) via bridging the proximal and distal nerve stumps	35-mm facial nerve gap in minipig	• Elevating electrophysiology and histomorphological parameters • Improving motor and sensory impairments • Suitable for long nerve gap repairing	[138]
FGF21	Intramuscular injection of FGF21 (50 μg for each rat) at 24-h intervals for 7 days	Crush injury with two vascular clips at 2 mm intervals	• Ameliorating motor and sensory function • Enhanced axonal remyelination and regrowth • Accelerating Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation	[86]
NT-3	The nerve ends were grafted with fibronectin mats impregnated with NT-3 (500 ng/mL)	1-cm sciatic nerve defects in adult Lewis rats	• Enhancing nerve regeneration • Sustainable increasing myelinated fibers	[160]
BDNF	The nerve gap was bridged by the fascial tube filling with BDNF (600 μg)	2-cm sciatic nerve defect in SD female rats	• Increasing nerve fiber growth • Inducing faster nerve regeneration • Relieving neuropathic pain	[161]
PDGF	20 μL PDGF solution (0.5 ng/mL) was filled in the silicone conduit	10-mm sciatic nerve gap in rats	• Improving locomotion recovery • Accelerating nerve regeneration •Facilitating Schwann cells migration	[162]