Table 1.

Estimates for projected lifetime risks of tumours in individuals with PHTS.

Cancer	Current risk estimates	Publications
Breast	Cancer—lifetime up to 85% Median age at diagnosis 38–46 years	81% [2], 85% [6], 77% [5]
Thyroid	Cancer—lifetime 35% Median age at diagnosis 37 years Up to 75% risk of multinodular goitre, adenomatous nodules and follicular adenomas	21% [2], 35% [6], 38% [5]
Endometrial	Cancer—lifetime up to 28% Risk starts late 30 s–early 40 s	19% [2], 28% [6], 2% [5]
Renal	>Cancer—lifetime up to 34% (mostly papillary) Risk starts late 40 s	15% [2], 34% [6], 2% [5]
Colorectal	Cancer—lifetime up to 16%; Risk starts late 30 s More than 90% have polyps, which may be symptomatic	16% [2], 9%, [6] 3% [5], 13% [7]
Skin and vascular system	Melanoma—~5% Many non-malignant lesions	6% [6]