. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 3.

Published in final edited form as: Birth. 2017 Feb 15;44(2):128–136. doi: 10.1111/birt.12274

TABLE 4:

Unadjusted and adjusted odds of oxytocin use, cesarean birth, and composite adverse outcome for women admitted in preactive labor or active labor based on Friedman, NICE, and ACOG/SMFM guidelines, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 2006–2010 (N = 2573)

	Oxytocin use		Cesarean		Composite adverse outcome^a

Group contrasts	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	adjusted OR (95% CI)^b	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	adjusted OR (95% CI)^c	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	adjusted OR (95% CI)^d
Within guideline contrasts
Friedman PAL vs AL	6.53 (4.98–8.55)^***	5.49 (4.14–7.27)^***	2.14 (1.43–3.20)^***	1.75 (1.08–2.82)^*	2.21 (1.46–3.36)^***	1.43 (0.91–2.25)
NICE PAL vs AL	6.26 (5.27–7.44)^***	5.62 (4.69–6.74)^***	2.84 (2.17–3.70)^***	2.55 (1.84–3.53)^***	1.76 (1.38–2.25)^***	1.21 (0.90–1.71)
ACOG/SMFM PAL vs AL	8.47 (5.85–12.26)^***	7.22 (4.91–10.62)^***	1.45 (0.94–2.23)	1.20 (0.73–2.00)	1.85 (1.14–3.00)^*	1.40 (0.82–2.40)
Between AL groups contrasts
Friedman vs ACOG/SMFM	1.42 (0.94–2.15)	1.45 (0.93–2.25)	0.70 (0.43–1.15)	0.69 (0.39–1.21)	0.87 (0.50–1.52)	0.93(0.51–1.71)
NICE vs ACOG/SMFM	2.82(1.98–4.04)^***	2.63 (1.81–3.81)^***	0.67 (0.45–1.00)	0.55 (0.35–0.88)^*	1.28 (0.81–2.02)	1.22 (0.74–2.02)
NICE vs Friedman	1.99 (1.58–2.51^***	1.79 (1.40–2.28)^***	0.96 (0.68–1.35)	0.82 (0.56–1.20)	1.47 (1.03–2.09)^*	1.23 (0.85–1.76)

Data are Odds Ratio (OR) (95% Confidence Interval). Reference group is listed second.

AL, Active Labor. PAL, Pre-Active Labor.

P < .05;

^***

P < .001.

Defined as adverse maternal outcome (i.e., fever during labor >100.4° F and/or postpartum hemorrhage >500 mL for vaginal birth and >1000 mL for cesarean birth) and/or adverse neonatal outcome (i.e., neonatal resuscitation at birth, Apgar score <7 at 5 min, umbilical cord arterial blood pH <7.1 (if collected), and/or admission to the neonatal intensive care unit). Umbilical cord arterial blood pH collected from 710 (27.6%) women.

Adjusted for maternal age, race, body mass index, gestational age at labor admission, and epidural analgesia use.

Adjusted for maternal age, race, body mass index, hypertensive disorder, diabetes mellitus, gestational age at labor admission, oxytocin augmentation, use of amniotomy, epidural analgesia use, and neonatal weight.