Figure 2.

Proposed schemes demonstrating sequential stages of interaction between moisture (water vapour molecules) and solvent vapour molecules, at the air/substrate interface, for two polystyrene (PS) solution systems: (a) the PS-THF system, with (i) casted films accompanied by a smooth surface texture, and (ii, iii) fibres produced by far-field electrospinning (FFES), accompanied by a porous surface texture. (b) The PS-DMF system, where both (i) the casted film, and (ii) the FFES fibres exhibit similar surface and internal inhomogeneity¹⁸ (adapted with permission from American Chemical Society, Copyright 2013).