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. 2020 Nov 2;10:18801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75903-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Impact of isoproterenol (ISO) stimulation on action potential duration (APD₈₀) and APD dispersion at a pacing cycle length of 100 ms. (A,B) Example maps of APD₈₀ at baseline (BL) and with ISO in both groups. (C,D) Example maps and optical AP signals showing the difference in APD (ΔAPD₈₀) from BL with ISO stimulation. (E) Mean APD₈₀ at BL and with ISO from base and apex regions of both groups. (F) Mean APD dispersion at BL and with ISO in both groups. Data are mean ± SD; analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8.3 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA); control: n = 4; DBH-Sap: n = 6; **p < 0.01.