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. 2020 Nov 2;10:18801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75903-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Calcium transient duration (CaTD₈₀) and tau in control and DBH-Sap hearts at baseline (BL) and with isoproterenol (ISO) stimulation at a pacing cycle length of 100 ms. (A,B) Example maps of CaTD₈₀ at BL and with ISO in both groups. (C,D) Example maps and optical Ca²⁺ signals showing the difference in CaTD (ΔCaTD₈₀) from BL with ISO stimulation. (E) Mean CaTD₈₀ at BL and with ISO from base and apex regions of both groups. (F) Mean tau at BL and with ISO for both groups. Data are mean ± SD; analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8.3 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA); control: n = 6; DBH-Sap: n = 8; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.