Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Oct 29;69(3):530–544. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syz069

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 1. — Simulations under the state-dependent multivariate Brownian motion process. The process is either in discrete state 0 (blue) or discrete state 1 (orange), where the rate of change between discrete states is equal (), and the rate of continuous-character evolution is higher when the process is in the orange state (, ). A) A single sample path from to . The process begins and ends in the blue state, but spends some time in the orange state. Note that there is more evolution in the orange state than in the blue state. B) The distribution of end states for 10 million simulated realizations. Solid lines represent the simulated joint probability densities of the discrete and continuous states. Dashed lines represent the normal densities with parameters estimated from the simulated end states. Note that the simulated densities depart from the normal densities (both Kolmogorov–Smirnov

Inline graphic — Simulations under the state-dependent multivariate Brownian motion process. The process is either in discrete state 0 (blue) or discrete state 1 (orange), where the rate of change between discrete states is equal (), and the rate of continuous-character evolution is higher when the process is in the orange state (, ). A) A single sample path from to . The process begins and ends in the blue state, but spends some time in the orange state. Note that there is more evolution in the orange state than in the blue state. B) The distribution of end states for 10 million simulated realizations. Solid lines represent the simulated joint probability densities of the discrete and continuous states. Dashed lines represent the normal densities with parameters estimated from the simulated end states. Note that the simulated densities depart from the normal densities (both Kolmogorov–Smirnov