Table 4. Pain AUs selected by the Co-Occurrence method for clinical data.
| Clinical Data Pain AUs with Co-Occurrence Method | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OWS (sec) |
α | Nostril Dilator (AD38) |
Blink (AU145) |
Inner Brow Raiser (AU101) |
Nostril Lift (AUH13) |
Half Blink (AU47) |
Ear Rotator (EAD104) |
Ears Forward (EAD101) |
Chewing (AD81) |
Chin Raiser (AU17) |
Jaw Thrust (AD29) |
Lip Pucker (AU18) |
Lip Presser (AU24) |
| 2 | 0.5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| 0.3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| (p<0.05) | (p = 0.473) | (p = 0.132) | (p<0.001) | (p<0.001) | (p<0.001) | (p<0.05) | |||||||
| 5 | 0.5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| 0.3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| (p = 0.621) | (p = 0.904) | (p = 0.208) | (p<0.01) | (p<0.001) | (p<0.001) | (p = 0.208) | |||||||
| 10 | 0.5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| 0.3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| (p = 0.796) | (p = 1.000) | (p = 0.572) | (p = 0.068) | (p = 0.491) | (p<0.01) | (p<0.001) | (p = 0.373) | ||||||
| 15 | 0.5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| 0.3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| (p = 0.725) | (p = 0.850) | (p = 0.562) | (p = 0.227) | (p = 0.425) | (p<0.01) | (p<0.001) | (p = 0.680) | (p = 0.131) | |||||
| 20 | 0.5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| 0.3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| (p = 0.835) | (p = 0.853) | (p = 0.763) | (p = 0.467) | (p = 0.463) | (p<0.05) | (p<0.01) | (p = 0.775) | (p = 0.185) | (p = 0.160) | (p<0.05) | |||
| 30 | 0.5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| 0.3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| (p = 0.889) | (p = 0.830) | (p = 0.631) | (p = 0.580) | (p = 0.488) | (p = 0.093) | (p<0.05) | (p = 0.783) | (p = 0.277) | (p = 0.163) | (p<0.05) | (p = 0.486) | ||
Values in parenthesis show p-value using unpaired t-test for mean values. The threshold values are set to include AUs that are above the mid-range value (α = 0.5), as well as above the lower third range value (α = 0.3), for change in relative co-occurrence.