Table 1.
A selection of nephrology-related assessments completed in Sentinel
| Scope | Analysis Type | Nephrology-Related Assessments |
|---|---|---|
| Descriptive | Summary information: Characterizes the size of patient groups on the basis of drug products, diagnosis codes, and procedure codes | Number of patients with acute kidney failure82 |
| Number of patients on dialysis83 | ||
| Number of patients using the following medications that are either renally eliminated or nephrotoxic: analgesics, anti-infectives, antiseizure agents, cardiovascular agents, bisphosphonates, quinine, allopurinol, tenofovir, tolvaptan, ticlopidine84–96 | ||
| Background rates: Measures the rate of an event (exposure, outcome, or condition) | Rate of CKD52 | |
| Rate of kidney stones in patients with prior exposure to antidiabetic agents97 | ||
| Rate of oral anticoagulant use before diagnosis of cutaneous small vessel vasculitis and AKI98 | ||
| Rate of oral anticoagulant use in patients with atrial fibrillation and preexisting CKD99 | ||
| Incidence or incidence rates: Measures the incidence or incidence rate of a health outcome of interest during exposed time | Rates of celiac disease after treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers100 | |
| Rates of kidney stones after treatment with antiepileptic medications101 | ||
| Incidence of treatment with urate-lowering therapies after diagnosis of gout disease102 | ||
| Rates of rhabdomyolysis and/or creatine kinase laboratory result abnormalities after new use of statins or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors103 | ||
| Rates of kidney failure after administration of intravenous Ig104 | ||
| Medical product utilization: Characterizes duration of treatment | Treatment episode characteristics for patients newly initiating the following medications that are either renally eliminated or nephrotoxic: antiepileptic medications, cardiovascular medications, quinine, antidepressants, antibiotics, antiarrhythmics105–107 | |
| Treatment episode characteristics for patients who are pregnant and newly initiating the following medications that are either nephrotoxic or affect the renal excretory function: statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, anticoagulants, antidepressants, gadolinium-based contrast agents108,109 | ||
| Comparative | Propensity score analysis: Estimates treatment effects in the propensity score–matched cohorts) | Risk of angioedema after treatment with drugs targeting the RAAS51 |
| Risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer after treatment with hydrochlorothiazide110 |