Table 3.
Association between BP (as a continuous variable, mm Hg) and composite cardiovascular outcome, kidney outcome, and mortality
| Outcome | BP Parameter | Unadjusted Model | Model Aa | Model B | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) (per each SD) | P Value | HR (95% CI) (per each SD) | P Value | HR (95% CI) (per each SD) | P Value | ||
| Composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and heart failure | Clinic systolic BP | 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.86 to 1.1) | 0.65 | 0.8 (0.69 to 0.93)b | 0.003 |
| Clinic diastolic BP | 0.79 (0.71 to 0.89) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.8 to 1.05) | 0.18 | 0.82 (0.69 to 0.96)c | 0.01 | |
| 24-H systolic BP | 1.63 (1.47 to 1.79) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.12 to 1.42) | 0.0002 | 1.43 (1.24 to 1.66)d | <0.001 | |
| 24-H diastolic BP | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.11) | 0.92 | 1.1 (0.96 to 1.26) | 0.16 | 1.23 (1.05 to 1.45)e | 0.01 | |
| Nighttime systolic BP | 1.68 (1.53 to 1.86) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.1 to 1.4) | 0.0003 | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.33)f | 0.48 | |
| Nighttime diastolic BP | 1.18 (1.06 to 1.31) | 0.002 | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.32) | 0.02 | 1.25 (1.02 to 1.53)g | 0.03 | |
| Daytime systolic BP | 1.58 (1.43 to 1.74) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.42) | 0.0002 | 1.35 (1.07 to 1.71)h | 0.01 | |
| Daytime diastolic BP | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.05) | 0.28 | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.23) | 0.31 | 0.99 (0.78 to 1.26)i | 0.95 | |
| Kidney outcome: 50% decrease in eGFR or ESKD | Clinic systolic BP | 1.62 (1.48 to 1.76) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.27 to 1.58) | <0.0001 | 1.15 (1 to 1.33)b | 0.0471 |
| Clinic diastolic BP | 1.1 (1 to 1.22) | 0.06 | 1.13 (1 to 1.28) | 0.04 | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.11)c | 0.54 | |
| 24-H systolic BP | 1.87 (1.69 to 2.05) | <0.001 | 1.55 (1.38 to 1.74) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.22 to 1.64)d | <0.001 | |
| 24-H diastolic BP | 1.32 (1.2 to 1.46) | <0.001 | 1.3 (1.15 to 1.47) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.15 to 1.56)e | 0.0002 | |
| Nighttime systolic BP | 1.91 (1.74 to 2.11) | <0.001 | 1.59 (1.41 to 1.78) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.23 to 1.89)f | 0.0001 | |
| Nighttime diastolic BP | 1.45 (1.31 to 1.6) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.21 to 1.53) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.2 to 1.76)g | 0.0002 | |
| Daytime systolic BP | 1.8 (1.63 to 1.98) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.33 to 1.68) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.74 to 1.19)h | 0.58 | |
| Daytime diastolic BP | 1.26 (1.14 to 1.39) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.42) | 0.0003 | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.16)i | 0.52 | |
| All-cause mortality | Clinic systolic BP | 1.23 (1.11 to 1.37) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.91 to 1.17) | 0.63 | 0.9 (0.78 to 1.05)b | 0.17 |
| Clinic diastolic BP | 0.76 (0.68 to 0.86) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.88 to 1.17) | 0.84 | 0.89 (0.75 to 1.05)c | 0.16 | |
| 24-H systolic BP | 1.54 (1.4 to 1.71) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.07 to 1.39) | 0.002 | 1.29 (1.11 to 1.51)d | 0.0009 | |
| 24-H diastolic BP | 1.01 (0.9 to 1.14) | 0.82 | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.36) | 0.01 | 1.27 (1.08 to 1.51)e | 0.005 | |
| Nighttime systolic BP | 1.59 (1.44 to 1.75) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.33) | 0.01 | 0.96 (0.77 to 1.2)f | 0.71 | |
| Nighttime diastolic BP | 1.19 (1.06 to 1.32) | 0.002 | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.35) | 0.01 | 1.11 (0.9 to 1.38)g | 0.34 | |
| Daytime systolic BP | 1.5 (1.36 to 1.66) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.08 to 1.39) | 0.002 | 1.37 (1.06 to 1.76)h | 0.01 | |
| Daytime diastolic BP | 0.96 (0.85 to 1.08) | 0.47 | 1.18 (1.03 to 1.35) | 0.02 | 1.16 (0.9 to 1.49)i | 0.26 | |
HR, hazard ratio.
Covariates adjusted for in model A for all BP variables: clinical center, age, sex, race, diabetes, GFR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, and prior CVD.
Adjusted for clinical center, age, sex, race, diabetes, GFR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, prior CVD, and 24-h systolic BP.
Adjusted for clinical center, age, sex, race, diabetes, GFR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, prior CVD, and 24-h diastolic BP.
Adjusted for clinical center, age, sex, race, diabetes, GFR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, prior CVD and clinic systolic BP.
Adjusted for clinical center, age, sex, race, diabetes, GFR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, prior CVD, and clinic diastolic BP.
Adjusted for clinical center, age, sex, race, diabetes, GFR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, prior CVD, clinic systolic BP, and daytime systolic BP.
Adjusted for clinical center, age, sex, race, diabetes, GFR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, prior CVD, clinic diastolic BP, and daytime diastolic BP.
Adjusted for clinical center, age, sex, race, diabetes, GFR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, prior CVD, clinic systolic BP, and nighttime systolic BP.
Adjusted for clinical center, age, sex, race, diabetes, GFR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, prior CVD, clinic diastolic BP, and nighttime diastolic BP.