Figure 1.

cT_FH associated with ABMR are heterogeneous and display activated and early memory features. (A) t-SNE projections were generated using a concatenated file of 56,100 cT_FH cells from DSA⁻ (n=20), DSA⁺ABMR⁻ (n=20), and DSA⁺ABMR⁺ (n=20) patients; panels display expression levels of indicated markers (MFI). (B) t-SNE projections of cT_FH cell densities in the three patient groups using 18,700 cells from each group, shown in (A). (C) t-SNE map overlaid with 10 cT_FH cell clusters delineated by SPADE clustering of the concatenated file, as in (A). (D) Heatmap showing the expression of markers for each cT_FH cell cluster according to transformed MFI ratio. Cell clusters 4 and 8 (*) are distinct from others. (E) Stacked bar plot showing cT_FH cell cluster distribution on the basis of SPADE clustering as in (C). Clusters 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9 are significantly different in their proportions across the indicated groups. (F) Representative examples of flow cytometry analysis and dot plot of percentages of Ki67⁺ICOS⁺ cells in cT_FH are displayed for DSA⁻ (n=48), DSA⁺ABMR⁻ (n=27), and DSA⁺ABMR⁺ (n=20) patients. Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn post-test for panel (E and F). *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ****P<0.001. Each dot represents one patient and horizontal lines are mean values.