Altered cTFH polarization correlates with differential DSA pathogenicities. (A) Proportions of patients that were positive for the indicated DSA IgG isotypes in the two patient groups are displayed for DSA+ABMR− (n=19, left panel) and DSA+ABMR+ (n=18, right panel). C1q-binding analysis was performed using DSA+ABMR− (n=24, left panel) and DSA+ABMR+ (n=19, right panel) patient serum samples. P values of chi-squared test for the comparison between patient groups are shown. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of percentages of Ki67+ICOS+ Th1, Th1/17, Th2, and Th17 cells among cTFH from DSA+ABMR− and DSA+ABMR+ patients are shown. Sample size as in (A). Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn post-test. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ****P<0.001. Each dot represents one patient and horizontal lines are mean values.