Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of full analysis data set
| Characteristics | Vitamin K (n=80) | Placebo (n=79) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age, yr (SD) | 67.3 (11.0) | 65.7 (13.5) |
| Age >70 yr, n (%) | 35 (44) | 37 (47) |
| Age ≤70 yr, n (%) | 45 (56) | 42 (53) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 32 (40) | 30 (38) |
| White ethnicity, n (%) | 76 (95) | 77 (98) |
| Cause of renal dysfunction, n (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 18 (23) | 13 (17) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 18 (23) | 16 (20) |
| GN | 10 (13) | 8 (10) |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 7 (9) | 5 (6) |
| Vascular disease | 5 (6) | 7 (9) |
| Other | 29 (36) | 32 (41) |
| Not known | 5 (6) | 5 (6) |
| Cardiovascular comorbidity, n (%) | ||
| Ischemic heart diseasea | 10 (13) | 15 (19) |
| Stroke | 7 (9) | 7 (9) |
| Heart failure | 1 (1) | 4 (5) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 6 (8) | 4 (5) |
| Hypertension | 69 (86) | 63 (80) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 (33) | 27 (34) |
| Previous fragility fracture, n (%) | 5 (6) | 3 (4) |
| Walking aids, n (%) | 19 (24) | 12 (15) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 6 (8) | 12 (15) |
| Median number of medications, n (IQR) | 7 (4, 10) | 7 (4, 10) |
| Medication use, n (%) | ||
| ACEi/ARB | 49 (61) | 50 (63) |
| Phosphate binder | 1 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Erythropoietin | 4 (5) | 5 (6) |
| Iron | 12 (15) | 7 (9) |
| Mean eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 (SD) | 29 (8) | 30 (8) |
| CKD stage 3b versus 4, n (%) | 37 versus 43 (46 versus 54) | 35 versus 44 (44 versus 56) |
| Mean pulse wave velocity, m/s (SD) | 11.9 (3.5) | 11.4 (3.2) |
| Mean augmentation index, % (SD) | 26 (11) | 25 (10) |
| Mean office BP, mm Hg (SD) | 147/78 (27/12) | 137/74 (19/10) |
| Mean postural BP drop, mm Hg (SD) | 15/4 (18/8) | 9/3 (18/9) |
| Mean 24-h BP, mm Hg (SD) | 128/69 (16/11) | 130/70 (17/10) |
| Mean Short Physical Performance Battery score (SD) | 9.1 (2.6) | 9.4 (2.6) |
| Mean handgrip strength, kg (SD) | ||
| Males | 31.7 (12.1) | 30.2 (9.8) |
| Females | 14.5 (6.1) | 16.6 (6.1) |
| Median NT-pro-BNP, pg/ml (IQR: Q1, Q3) | 1494 (415, 4133) | 2274 (585, 5801) |
| Median fetuin, ng/ml (IQR: Q1, Q3) | 1237 (1005, 1535) | 1359 (1090, 1847) |
| Median FGF-23, RU/ml (IQR: Q1, Q3) | 170 (126, 255) | 156 (113, 218) |
| Median parathyroid hormone, pmol/L (IQR: Q1, Q3) | 14 (8, 22) | 13 (8,19) |
| Median TRACP-5b, mIU/ml (IQR: Q1, Q3) | 0.41 (0.28, 0.88) | 0.55 (0.30, 1.27) |
| Median osteocalcin, ng/ml (IQR: Q1, Q3) | 37 (24, 62) | 36 (24, 52) |
| Mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D, nmol/L (SD) | 48 (29) | 44 (23) |
| Mean 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D, pmol/L (SD) | 74 (33) | 69 (29) |
| Mean adjusted calcium, mmol/L (SD) | 2.33 (0.11) | 2.33 (0.14) |
| Mean phosphate, mmol/L (SD) | 1.17 (0.19) | 1.18 (0.20) |
| Median HOMA-IR (IQR: Q1, Q3) | 2.36 (1.46, 3.66) | 2.02 (1.44, 3.78) |
| Median urinary protein-creatinine ratio, mg/mmol (IQR: Q1, Q3) | 36 (5141) | 40 (5104) |
| Median aortic calcification score (IQR: Q1, Q3) | 3.5 (0, 9) | 2 (0, 6.5) |
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; NT-pro-BNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; IQR, interquartile range; Q1/3, quartile 1/3; FGF-23, fibroblast growth factor 23; TRACP-5b, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance.
a
Previous myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, or diagnosis of angina.