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. 2020 Aug 7;31(10):2292–2311. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2019111160

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

CS/HApDNA NPs have consistent size, protect against DNA release, and have high transfection efficiency. (A) Schematic of L-CS/M-HA NP design and material rationale. (B) DLS of CSFluc/EGFP and CS/HAFluc/EGFP NP size with representative TEM images alongside. Scale bars, 200 nm. (C) Transfection efficiency of equivalent 2% w/w pDNA in 10 µg/ml CS/HA NPs, using naked pDNA; CS NP; CS/HA NP; and Lipofectamine LTX incubations with MKFs, as visualized by fluorescence microscopy of EGFP expression at 48 hours post-treatment. Scale bar, 200 µm; original magnification, ×100. Quantification of percentage of cells transfected is shown alongside. (D) Transfection efficiency as visualized by BLI assay for Fluc activity at 48 hours post-treatment. Quantified luminescence is shown alongside. (E) Proliferation and (F) migration rates of untreated, CS NP–, and CS/HA NP–treated HFL1 cells over the course of 72 hours. All data are representative of three independent experiments; numeric data are displayed as the mean±SEM and statistical analysis is shown as: *P≤0.05; ***P≤0.001.