CS/HA, CS/HABMP7, and CS/HAHGF/NK1 NP–mediated transfections result in successful paracrine production over 10 days in fibroblasts and mesangial cells. (A) Successful BMP7 overexpression in CS/HABMP7 NP–treated HFL1 cells (blue bars) and HKM cells (red bars) after 72 hours, as measured by qRT-PCR. (B) Successful HGF/NK1 overexpression in CS/HAHGF/NK1 NP–treated HFL1 cells (blue bars) and HKM cells (red bars) after 72 hours, as measured by qRT-PCR. (C) BMP7 overexpression in CS/HABMP7 NP–treated HFL1 and HKM cells results in elevated production and secretion of BMP7 into the supernatant over 10 days, as measured by BMP7 ELISA assay. (D) HGF/NK1 overexpression in CS/HAHGF/NK1 NP–treated HFL1 and HKM cells results in elevated production and secretion of HGF/NK1 into the supernatant over 10 days, as measured by HGF ELISA assay. All data are representative of three independent experiments; graphed data are displayed as the mean±SEM and statistical significance is shown as: *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, and ***P≤0.001 versus untreated; #P≤0.05, ##P≤0.01, and ###P≤0.001 versus CS/HA.