Table 4.

Unadjusted (Crude) and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for factors associated with neonatal mortality in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016 (n=11,023)

Variables	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Maternal age (in year)
15-24	1.18(0.53-2.43)
25-34	1.00
35-49	0.85(0.49-1.23)
Sex of child
Male	1.00	1.00
Female	0.56(0.45-0.70)***	0.60(0.47-0.75)***
Birth Order
1	1.15(0.85-1.55)
2-3	1.00	1.00
4-5	1.03(0.76-1.38)
6+	1.25(0.95-1.65)
Birth Type
Single	1.00	1.00
Multiple	5.74(4.07-8.10)***	6.71(4.66-9.66)***
Birth Interval (months)
<24	1.00	1.00
24-36	0.64(0.50-0.83)	0.67(0.51-0.88)
>36	0.55(0.43-0.71)**	0.56(0.43-0.75)**
Birth Size
Large	1.35(0.28-1.62)***	1.48(0.27-1.64)***
Average	1.00	1.00
Small	0.86(0.67-1.38)	1.03(0.71-1.49)
ANC Usage
Yes	1.00	1.00
No	1.52(1.24-1.88)***	1.41(1.11-1.81)**
Place of Delivery
Home	1.00	1.00
Health facility	0.80(0.63-1.02)	1.25(0.92-1.69)
Place of residence
Urban	1.00	1.00
Rural	1.93(1.38-2.70)***	1.88(1.15-3.05)*
Region
Tigray	1.26(0.61-2.61)	0.62(0.26-1.48)
Afar	1.63(0.80-3.30)	0.75(0.31-1.82)
Amhara	1.58(0.77-3.23)	0.90(0.38-2.11)
Oromia	1.50(0.78-2.99)	0.78(0.34-1.80)
Somali	2.13(1.09-4.18)	1.09(0.47-2.54)
Benishangul	1.93(0.95-3.92)	0.86(0.36-2.05)
SNNP	1.35(0.66-2.73)	0.69(0.29-1.60)
Gambela	1.37(0.64-2.93)	0.69(0.29-1.66)
Harari	2.11(1.01-4.40)†	1.45(0.61-3.45)*
Addis Ababa	1.00	1.00
Dire Dawa	1.27(0.57-2.86)	1.08(0.43-2.71)
Maternal education level
No education	1.00	1.00
Primary	0.81(0.63-1.04)	1.04(0.78-1.39)
Secondary & higher	0.66(0.45-0.98)	0.95(0.57-1.58)
Paternal education level
No education	1.00	1.00
Primary	0.91(0.71-1.16)	0.91(0.70-1.17)
Secondary & higher	0.36(0.87-1.92)***	0.51(0.22-0.88)***
Religion
Christian	1.00	1.00
Muslim	1.22(.99-1.51)	0.86(0.60-1.24)
Traditional/Others	1.07(0.47-2.45)	0.66(0.24-1.86)
Wealth Index
Poor	1.00	1.00
Medium	0.81(0.59-1.11)	0.86(0.60-1.23)
Rich	0.65(0.50-0.83)	0.83(0.59-1.18)

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

^***p<0.001

^†p<0.25