Table 1.

The demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of all subjects.

Variables	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4
gender (M/F)	50(24/26)	40(15/25)	30(14/16)	30(18/12)
Age (years)	54,6 ± 6,3	52,9±7,9	56,3±8,2	56,8±8,5
Dur (years)	0	8,3±8,6	8,1±5,8	10,6±7,1
DR (%)	0	55a	70a,b	86,6a,b,c
BMI (kg/m2)	25,3±3,3	27,4±4,9	26,8±4	27±4,6
FPG (mg/dl)	90,2±10,2	186,9±78,8a	185,3±65,5a	213,1±99,1a
HbA1c (%)	4,5±1,1	9±2,7a	10,9±3a,b	10,8±2,8a,b
SBP (mmHg)	112,4±4,8	116,5±8,6	117,5±8,4	117,6±8,4
DBP (mmHg)	70,4±4,8	72,6±5,8	72,1±5,6	72,1±6,5
t-CHOL (mmol/L)	172,5±29,9	209,5±43,4a	190,3±44,9	179,1±58,8b
LDL-C (mmol/L)	100,5±25,5	136,5±37,6a	116,9±41,2	102,9±34,9b
Cre (umol/L)	0,73±0,15	0,71±0,15	0,70±0,13	1,35±1,05a,b,c
BUN (mmol/L)	13,3±3,35	14,4±3,18	16,7±5,15	25,5±17,52a,b,c
eGFR(mL/min/1.73 m2)	138,1±24,5	133,3±46,7	113,1±20,2a	87,6±40,06a,b,c
ACR (mg/g)	5,8±3,6	16,02±5,2a	175±52,2a,b	1755,3±2160,6a,b,c
ELA (ng/mL)	35,93±21,05	11,91±12,76a	7,35±4,55a	6,67±2,85a
Haemoglobin(g/dL)	13,9±1,3	13,9±1,8	13,1±1,9	12±2,3
Plt(x109/L)	270,3±64,3	268,9±77,4	252,1±83,2	291,6±88

Note: Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Group1: healthy control; Group 2: diabetic patients without albuminuria; Group 3: diabetic patients with microalbuminuria; Group 4: diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria and normal or increased serum creatinine; M, male: F, female: Dur: duration of diabetes; DR: diabetic retinopathy; BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; t-CHOL: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN: blood urine nitrogen; Cre: serum creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR: urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM for normally distributed data with 25th and 75th quartiles for skewed data.

^aP < 0.05 vs. Group 1;

^bP < 0.05 vs. Group 2;

^cP < 0.05 vs. Group 3.