Table 1.
Demographic data of participants.
| Characteristic | Total sample (N=221) | Experimental (n=100) | Control (n=121) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 18.68 (0.35) | 18.66 (0.33) | 18.69 (0.36) | |
| Gender, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male | 81 (36.7) | 43 (43.0) | 38 (31.4) |
|
|
Female | 131 (59.3) | 51 (51.0) | 80 (66.1) |
|
|
Nonbinary | 9 (4.1) | 6 (6.0) | 3 (2.5) |
| Race, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White | 117 (52.9) | 48 (48.0) | 69 (57.0) |
|
|
Latino | 30 (13.6) | 13 (13.0) | 17 (14.0) |
|
|
Asian/Asian American | 21 (9.5) | 15 (15.0) | 6 (5.0) |
|
|
Black | 8 (3.6) | 2 (2.0) | 6 (5.0) |
|
|
Native American | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.7) |
|
|
Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 2 (0.9) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) |
|
|
Two or more races/ethnicities | 41 (18.6) | 20 (20.0) | 21 (17.4) |
| Parent/guardian education, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High school or less | 27 (12.2) | 12 (12.0) | 15 (12.4) |
|
|
Some college (not 4-year) | 50 (22.6) | 25 (25.0) | 25 (20.7) |
|
|
One has a 4-year degree | 30 (13.6) | 13 (13.0) | 17 (14.0) |
|
|
Both have 4-year degrees | 51 (23.1) | 24 (24.0) | 27 (22.3) |
|
|
One has a graduate degree | 34 (15.4) | 13 (13.0) | 21 (17.4) |
|
|
Both have graduate degrees | 29 (13.1) | 13 (13.0) | 16 (13.2) |
| Subjective SESa , n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Low income | 15 (6.8) | 7 (7.0) | 8 (6.7) |
|
|
Working class | 48 (21.8) | 27 (27.0) | 21 (17.5) |
|
|
Middle class | 93 (42.3) | 41 (41.0) | 52 (43.3) |
|
|
Upper middle class | 61 (27.7) | 24 (24.0) | 37 (30.7) |
|
|
Wealthy | 3 (1.4) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.7) |
| Financial stress, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Never stressful | 8 (3.6) | 2 (2.0) | 6 (5.0) |
|
|
Rarely stressful | 43 (19.5) | 20 (20.0) | 23 (19.0) |
|
|
Sometimes stressful | 90 (40.7) | 46 (46.0) | 44 (36.4) |
|
|
Often stressful | 61 (27.6) | 25 (25.0) | 36 (29.8) |
|
|
Always stressful | 19 (8.6) | 7 (7.0) | 12 (9.9) |
| Sexual orientation, n (%) |
|
|||
|
|
Heterosexual | 146 (66.1) | 69 (69.0) | 77 (63.6) |
|
|
Gay or lesbian | 10 (4.5) | 3 (3.0) | 7 (5.8) |
|
|
Bisexual | 36 (16.3) | 12 (12.0) | 24 (19.8) |
|
|
Queer | 13 (5.9) | 5 (5.0) | 8 (6.6) |
|
|
Questioning | 8 (3.6) | 6 (6.0) | 2 (1.7) |
|
|
Other | 5 (2.3) | 2 (2.0) | 3 (2.5) |
|
|
Prefer not to respond or missing | 3 (1.4) | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Relationship status |
|
|||
|
|
Single | 174 (78.7) | 80 (80.0) | 94 (77.7) |
|
|
Dating | 7 (3.2) | 4 (4.0) | 3 (2.5) |
|
|
In a relationship | 38 (17.2) | 16 (16.0) | 22 (18.2) |
|
|
Married | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) |
|
|
Other | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) |
| Number of hours of weekly paid employment, mean (SD) | 4.98 (7.91) | 4.30 (7.47) | 5.55 (8.24) | |
| Transfer student, n (%) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Residence, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Campus residence | 215 (97.3) | 97 (97.0) | 118 (97.5) |
|
|
Off campus apt | 5 (2.3) | 3 (3.0) | 2 (1.7) |
|
|
Other | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) |
| Living situation, n (%) |
|
|||
|
|
Dorm (alone) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) |
|
|
Dorm (roommate) | 172 (77.8) | 80 (80.0) | 92 (76.0) |
|
|
Dorm suite (roommates) | 37 (16.7) | 16 (16.0) | 21 (17.4) |
|
|
Apartment (with students) | 4 (1.8) | 3 (3.0) | 1 (0.8) |
|
|
Apartment (with nonstudents) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) |
|
|
Family | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) |
|
|
Other | 5 (2.3) | 1 (1.0) | 4 (3.3) |
| Student athlete, n (%) | 7 (3.2) | 2 (2.0) | 5 (4.1) | |
| Autism spectrum, n (%) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.7) | |
aSES: socioeconomic status.