Table 3.
Loneliness, mental health, and college adjustment outcomes at baseline and week 4 among first-year college students (N=214) receiving the Nod intervention (experimental) versus waitlist (control).
| Outcome | Baselinea, mean (SD) | Week 4, mean (SD) | ||
|
|
Experimental | Control | Experimental | Control |
| Loneliness (UCLA-8b) | 18.87 (4.32) | 18.91 (4.40) | 16.71 (4.73) | 16.87 (5.32) |
| Depression (PHQ-9c) | 5.31 (4.18) | 6.65 (5.52) | 5.71 (4.14) | 7.12 (5.90) |
| Anxiety symptoms (GAD-7d) | 5.90 (4.31) | 6.85 (5.10) | 5.22 (4.24) | 6.50 (5.39) |
| Social anxiety symptoms (Mini-SPINe) | 5.21 (2.89) | 5.25 (3.23) | 4.19 (3.20) | 4.54 (3.45) |
| Sleep quality (PSQIf) | 1.20 (0.62) | 1.33 (0.78) | 1.21 (0.64) | 1.38 (0.77) |
| Perceived social support (CITg subscale) |
not measured | not measured | 4.20 (0.67) | 4.08 (0.77) |
| Campus belonging (SERUh) |
5.00 (0.89) | 4.96 (0.89) | 4.94 (1.00) | 4.86 (0.99) |
| Social adjustment to college (SACQi subscale) | not measured | not measured | 6.07 (1.26) | 5.92 (1.50) |
| Intention to return (NSSEj) | 0.68 (0.47) | 0.71 (0.46) | 0.69 (0.46) | 0.61 (0.49) |
aBaseline scores exclude data from 7 participants who were missing data at week 4.
bUCLA-8: UCLA Loneliness Scale, 8-item.
cPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-item.
dGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 7-item scale.
eMini-SPIN: Mini Social Phobia Inventory.
fPSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (higher scores reflect lower quality sleep).
gCIT: Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving.
hSERU: Student Experiences in the Research University Questionnaire.
iSACQ: Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire.
jNSSE: National Survey for Student Engagement.