Table 2.
Stimulation parameters for included studies
| Study | tDCS Procedure | TMS Procedure | Duration (min) | Montage | Number of session | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Anode site | Cathode site | Current (mA) | Electrode size (cm2) | Coil placement | Frequency (Hz) | MT (%) | Pulses | |||||
| Hupfeld et al., 2016 [35] | Left SMA; left supraorbital; left DLPFC | Right supraorbital | 0.4 | 25 | - | - | - | - | 85 | Unilateral | 6; 9; 18 | |
| Wilson et al., 2018 [40] | Right TPJ | Right deltoid | 1.5 | 25 | - | - | - | - | 30 | Unilateral | 8 | |
| Schneider and Hopp, 2011 [37] | Left DLPFC | Right supraorbital | 2 | 25 | - | - | - | - | 30 | Unilateral | 1 | |
| D’Urso et al., 2015 [36] | Right arm | Left DLPFC | 1.5 | 25 | - | - | - | - | 20 | Unilateral | 10 | |
| Van Steenburgh et al., 2014 [39] | Left/right DLPFC | Left/right DLPFC | Not reported | Not reported | - | - | - | - | Not reported | Bilateral | Not reported | |
| Van Steenburgh et al., 2017 [38] | Left/right DLPFC | Left/right DLPFC | 1.5 | 25 | - | - | - | - | 40 | Bilateral | 1 | |
| Amatachaya et al., 2014 [33] | Left DLPFC | Right shoulder | 1 | 35 | - | - | - | - | 20 | Unilateral | 5 | |
| Amatachaya et al., 2015 [34] | Left DLPFC | Right shoulder | 1 | 35 | - | - | - | - | 20 | Unilateral | 1 | |
| Enticott et al., 2011 [49] | - | - | - | - | mPFC | 5 | 100 | 1,500 | 15 | Bilateral | 9 | |
| Niederhofer, 2012 [53] | - | - | - | - | SMA | 1 | Not reported | 1,200 | 60 | - | 5 | |
| Cristancho et al., 2014 [47] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 1 | 90 | 150−300; 300−600 | Not reported | Unilateral | 36 (10 right; 26 left) | |
| Avirame et al., 2017 [43] | - | - | - | - | mPFC | 5 | 110 | 3,000 | 30 | Bilateral | 27; 29 | |
| Sokhadze et al., 2010 [55] | - | - | - | - | Left DLPFC | 0.5 | 90 | 150 | Not reported | Unilateral | 6 | |
| Casanova et al., 2014 [46] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 0.5 | 90 | 160 | 10−12 | Unilateral/Bilateral | 18 (6 left; 6 right; 6 bilateral) | |
| Wang et al., 2016 [62] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 0.5 | 90 | 160 | Not reported | Unilateral | 12 (6 left; 6 right) | |
| Sokhadze et al., 2017 [61] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 0.5 | 90 | 160 | Not reported | Unilateral/Bilateral | 18 (6 left; 6 right; 6 bilateral) | |
| Abujadi et al., 2018 [41] | - | - | - | - | Right DLPFC | 50 | 100 | 900 | 5 | Unilateral | 15 | |
| Sokhadze et al., 2009 [58] | - | - | - | - | Left DLPFC | 0.5 | 90 | 150 | Not reported | Unilateral | 6 | |
| Sokhadze et al., 2012 [56] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 1 | 90 | 150 | Not reported | Unilateral | 12 (6 left; 6 right) | |
| Sokhadze et al., 2014 [60] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 1 | 90 | 180 | 60 | Unilateral/Bilateral | 18 (6 left; 6 right; 6 bilateral) | |
| Sokhadze et al., 2014 [59] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 1 | 90 | 180 | Not reported | Unilateral/Bilateral | 18 (6 left; 6 right; 6 bilateral) | |
| Sokhadze et al., 2016 [57] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 1 | 90 | 180 | Not reported | Unilateral/Bilateral | 18 (6 left; 6 right; 6 bilateral) | |
| Baruth et al., 2010 [44] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 1 | 90 | 150 | Not reported | Unilateral | 12 (6 left; 6 right) | |
| Casanova et al., 2012 [45] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 1 | 90 | 150 | 10 | Unilateral | 12 (6 left; 6 right) | |
| Fecteau et al., 2011 [51] | - | - | - | - | Left and right pars triangularis; left and right pars opercularis | 1 | 70 | 1,800 | 30 | Unilateral | 5 (1 per target; 1 sham) | |
| Enticott et al., 2012 [50] | - | - | - | - | Left M1; SMA | 1 | 100 | 900 | 5 | Unilateral | 3 (1 per target; 1 sham) | |
| Enticott et al., 2014 [48] | - | - | - | - | dmPFC | 5 | 100 | 1,500 | Not reported | Bilateral | 10 | |
| Panerai et al., 2014 [54] | - | - | - | - | PrMC | 1; 8 | 90 | 900 | 15 (1 Hz); 30 (8 Hz) | Unilateral/Bilateral | Single- and multi-session | |
| Anninos et al., 2016 [42] | - | - | - | - | Frontal cortex, vertex, bilateral temporal areas, bilateral parietal areas and occipital cortex | 8−13 | - | Not reported | 2 | - | One crossover session with active or sham pT-TMS, then daily for one month | |
| Ni et al., 2017 [52] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC; pSTS | 50 | 80 for active and 60 for sham iTBS | 600 | 4 | Bilateral | 1 per target | |
| Desarkar et al., 2017 [63] | - | - | - | - | DLPFC | 20 | 90 | 6,000 | 30−45 | Bilateral | 1 | |
| Gómez et al., 2017 [64] | Proximal right arm | Left DLPFC | 1 | Not reported | Left DLPFC | 1 | 90 | 1,500 | 20 | Unilateral | 20 | |
tDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; iTBS, intermittent theta burst stimulation; MT, motor threshold; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; SMA, supplementary motor area; TPJ, temporoparietal junction; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; pSTS, posterior superior temporal sulcus; dmPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; PrMC, premotor cortex; M1, primary motor cortex; pT, pico-Tesla.