Table 3.
Outcome Summary, Propensity Score Matched, Transfused with Plasma with Titer ≥1:1350 within 44 Hours of Admission
| Variable | Propensity score matched, transfused ≤44 hours, titer ≥1350 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total |
Not transfused |
Transfused |
Point estimate |
P value | |
| (N = 421) | (n = 269) | (n = 152) | (95% CI)∗ | ||
| Disposition, 60 days | |||||
| Still admitted | 4 (1.0) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (2.0) | 0.20 (0.02 to 2.00) | 0.17 |
| Discharged | 377 (89.5) | 234 (87.0) | 143 (94.1) | (Base outcome) | |
| Death | 40 (9.5) | 34 (12.6) | 6 (3.9) | 3.46 (1.40 to 8.56) | 0.01 |
| Overall mortality with no time constraints | |||||
| Alive | 381 (90.5) | 235 (87.4) | 146 (96.1) | 3.20 (1.36 to 7.54) | 0.01 |
| Deceased | 40 (9.5) | 34 (12.6) | 6 (3.9) | ||
| Overall mortality within 28 days after day 0 | |||||
| Alive | 390 (92.6) | 243 (90.3) | 147 (96.7) | 2.94 (1.12 to 7.74) | 0.03 |
| Deceased | 31 (7.4) | 26 (9.7) | 5 (3.3) | ||
| Overall mortality within 60 days after day 0 | |||||
| Alive | 382 (90.7) | 236 (87.7) | 146 (96.1) | 3.11 (1.29 to 7.50) | 0.01 |
| Deceased | 39 (9.3) | 33 (12.3) | 6 (3.9) | ||
| Length of stay after day 0, median (IQR), days | 5.3 (2.9 to 10.0) | 5.0 (2.7 to 10.0) | 5.7 (3.5 to 9.7) | −0.57 (−2.98 to 1.85) | 0.65 |
| Required ICU after day 0 | |||||
| No | 291 (69.1) | 183 (68.0) | 108 (71.1) | 1.10 (0.81 to 1.50) | 0.52 |
| Yes | 130 (30.9) | 86 (32.0) | 44 (28.9) | ||
| ICU length of stay after day 0, mean ± SD, days | 10.8 ± 11.3 | 10.7 ± 11.3 | 11.2 ± 11.4 | −0.52 (−4.55 to 3.50) | 0.80 |
| Mechanical ventilation requirement, after day 0 | |||||
| No | 347 (82.4) | 217 (80.7) | 130 (85.5) | 1.34 (0.86 to 2.08) | 0.20 |
| Yes | 74 (17.6) | 52 (19.3) | 22 (14.5) | ||
| Mechanical ventilation time after day 0 (for patients who required ventilation), mean ± SD, days | 19.8 ± 19.2 | 17.9 ± 15.7 | 24.2 ± 25.5 | −6.34 (−16.72 to 4.03) | 0.23 |
| Supplemental oxygen after day 0 | |||||
| No | 60 (14.3) | 50 (18.6) | 10 (6.6) | 0.79 (0.75 to 0.84) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 361 (85.7) | 219 (81.4) | 142 (93.4) | ||
| Supplemental oxygen time after day 0 (for patients who required supplemental oxygen), median (IQR), days | 5.4 ± 5.8 | 5.6 ± 6.4 | 5.0 ± 4.8 | 0.60 (−0.55 to 1.76) | 0.31 |
| Ventilation status at day 7 | |||||
| Room air | 272 (64.6) | 172 (63.9) | 100 (65.8) | (Base outcome) | |
| Low flow | 38 (9.0) | 19 (7.1) | 19 (12.5) | 0.58 (0.29 to 1.15) | 0.12 |
| High flow/NIPPV | 47 (11.2) | 34 (12.6) | 13 (8.6) | 1.52 (0.77 to 3.01) | 0.23 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 52 (12.4) | 35 (13.0) | 17 (11.2) | 1.20 (0.64 to 2.25) | 0.58 |
| ECMO | 4 (1.0) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (1.3) | 0.58 (0.08 to 4.22) | 0.59 |
| Death | 8 (1.9) | 7 (2.6) | 1 (0.7) | 4.07 (0.49 to 33.99) | 0.20 |
| Ventilation status at day 14 | |||||
| Room air | 346 (82.2) | 214 (79.6) | 132 (86.8) | (Base outcome) | |
| Low flow | 4 (1.0) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (1.3) | 0.62 (0.09 to 4.43) | 0.63 |
| High flow/NIPPV | 13 (3.1) | 10 (3.7) | 3 (2.0) | 2.06 (0.55 to 7.69) | 0.28 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 37 (8.8) | 25 (9.3) | 12 (7.9) | 1.29 (0.62 to 2.65) | 0.50 |
| ECMO | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 1.23 (0.11 to 13.79) | 0.87 |
| Death | 18 (4.3) | 16 (5.9) | 2 (1.3) | 4.93 (1.09 to 22.38) | 0.04 |
| Ventilation status at day 28 | |||||
| Room air | 363 (86.2) | 223 (82.9) | 140 (92.1) | ||
| Low flow | 4 (1.0) | 4 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| High flow/NIPPV | 3 (0.7) | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Mechanical ventilation | 18 (4.3) | 12 (4.5) | 6 (3.9) | ||
| ECMO | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.7) | ||
| Death | 31 (7.4) | 26 (9.7) | 5 (3.3) | ||
| Ventilation status at day 60 | |||||
| Room air | 376 (89.3) | 233 (86.6) | 143 (94.1) | (Base outcome) | |
| Low flow | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| High flow/NIPPV | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 6 (1.4) | 3 (1.1) | 3 (2.0) | 0.61 (0.12 to 3.10) | 0.55 |
| ECMO | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Death | 39 (9.3) | 33 (12.3) | 6 (3.9) | 3.38 (1.33 to 8.55) | 0.01 |
| Clinical improvement relative to day 0 at day 7 | |||||
| No | 142 (33.7) | 97 (36.1) | 45 (29.6) | 0.91 (0.79 to 1.05) | 0.19 |
| Yes | 279 (66.3) | 172 (63.9) | 107 (70.4) | ||
| Clinical improvement relative to day 0 at day 14 | |||||
| No | 81 (19.2) | 62 (23.0) | 19 (12.5) | 0.76 (0.71 to 0.82) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 340 (80.8) | 207 (77.0) | 133 (87.5) | ||
| Clinical improvement relative to day 0 at day 28 | |||||
| No | 65 (15.4) | 53 (19.7) | 12 (7.9) | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 356 (84.6) | 216 (80.3) | 140 (92.1) | ||
| Clinical improvement relative to day 0 at day 60 | |||||
| No | 54 (12.8) | 45 (16.7) | 9 (5.9) | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 367 (87.2) | 224 (83.3) | 143 (94.1) | ||
| IL-6 Δ (day 7-day 0), median (IQR), pg/mL | 36.0 (−52.0 to 370.0) | 16.5 (−39.0 to 336.0) | 39.0 (−56.5 to 531.0) | −151.40 (−591.29 to 288.49) | 0.50 |
| C-reactive protein Δ (day 7-day 0), median (IQR), mg/dL | −10.8 (−19.7 to −5.0) | −10.8 (−22.3 to −4.9) | −10.7 (−19.3 to −5.3) | −0.09 (−3.90 to 3.71) | 0.96 |
| Ferritin Δ (day 7-day 0), median (IQR), ng/mL | −75.0 (−419.0 to 192.0) | −110.0 (−468.0 to 205.0) | −51.0 (−323.0 to 189.0) | −29.53 (−376.08 to 317.02) | 0.87 |
| Fibrinogen Δ (day 7-day 0), median (IQR), mg/dL | −239.0 (−361.0 to −74.5) | −140.0 (−321.5 to −73.5) | −302.5 (−378.0 to −82.5) | 55.24 (−41.82 to 152.29) | 0.27 |
| D-dimer Δ (day 7-day 0), median (IQR), μg/mL FEU | 0.4 (−0.3 to 2.7) | 0.4 (−0.2 to 3.4) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 1.7) | 1.13 (−0.50 to 2.76) | 0.18 |
Values are expressed as median (IQR) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. Bolded values are statistically significant (P < 0.05).
ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FEU, fibrinogen equivalent unit; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; NIPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.
∗
Point estimate obtained from the generalized linear models (for binary and continuous dependent variables) or multinomial logistic regression (for categorical variables), which is risk ratio of outcome in non-transfusion versus transfusion (if categorical outcomes) or coefficient of outcome in non-transfusion versus transfusion (if continuous outcomes).