Figure 4. CpG-constructs that form a high percentage of hollow endosomes also result in enhanced IS activity.

(a) Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and (b) cytokine secretion of macrophages after a 24 h treatment with CpG-constructs at varied CpG densities and surface curvatures. The results indicate that CpG-density changes the IS activity of constructs with mixed curvatures, but not with constant curvature. Error bars were from six independent experiments. ([CpG] = 200 nM, 24 h incubation)