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. 2020 Apr 10;18(4):379–401. doi: 10.5217/ir.2019.09148

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© Copyright 2020. Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases. All rights reserved.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 2. — Overview of Smad-dependent and Smad-independent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in intestinal fibrosis. ERK, extracellular signal regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; Rho, Ras homolog family member; ROCK, Rho kinase; MLC, myosin light chain; F-actin, filamentous actin; G-actin, globular actin; MRTF, myocardin-related transcription factor; SRF, serum response factor; ECM, extracellular matrix; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; MYLK, myosin light-chain kinase.