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. 2020 Nov 3;11(11):947. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-03155-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Pellet cultures of MSCs expressing vector or miR-18a were induced to undergo chondrogenesis for 14 days and then induced for hypertrophic differentiation for another 14 days. Gross appearance, HE staining, and Alcian blue staining were evaluated. b, c WB b and qRT-PCR c to assess the expression of chondrocyte hypertrophy-related genes when miR-18a was ectopic expressed. d The effect of antagomir of miR-18a (Anta) on hypertrophy of chondrifying MSCs was assessed. e, f Expression of chondrocyte hypertrophy-related genes were determined by WB e and qRT-PCR f in AC and SW1353 cells transfected with inhibitor of miR-18a. g qRT-PCR shows miR-18a level in both injured cartilage and the corresponding paired unaffected cartilage. h The effect of miR-18a antagomir on IL-1β-enhanced hypertrophy of chondrifying MSCs was assessed. i, j Protein i and mRNA j levels of hypertrophy-related genes were analyzed in chondrocytes in response to IL-1β with or without inhibition of miR-18a. k qRT-PCR shows the effect of miR-18a ectopic expression on chondrocyte hypertrophy in cells treated with either AS101 or JSH23. l Expression of IL-1β, miR-18a, and RUNX2 were analyzed in injured cartilage and corresponding unaffected cartilage from OA patients. Scale bar in images of gross appearance in a, d, and h: 1 mm; other scale bars: 200 μm. Data in c, f, and j are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05.