Table 1.
Pre and post outcome measures for the high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and stretching (STRETCH) groups.
| HIIT (n = 20) |
MICT (n = 19) |
STRETCH (n = 22) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 72.4 (4.5) | 72.3 (6.2) | 71.1 (6.5) | |||
| Sex (% female) | 70% | 47% | 68% | |||
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
| Sleep duration (hours) | 6.8 (1.2) | 6.8 (1.2) | 6.5 (1.4) | 6.7 (1.5) | 7.1 (1.6) | 6.8 (1.2) |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 80.6 (15.9) | 79.7 (14.3) | 78.6 (15.3) | 84.2 (15.4) | 73.9 (15.3) | 78.5 (15.9) |
| Global PSQI score | 7.0 (3.5) | 7.3 (4.6) | 7.8 (4.6) | 7.6 (4.2) | 6.8 (4.6) | 6.2 (3.7) |
| Subjective sleep quality | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.8) | 0.8 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.8) |
| Sleep latency | 1.2 (1.1) | 0.9 (0.7) | 1.2 (1.1) | 0.8 (0.7) | 1.3 (1.1) | 0.7 (0.6) |
| Sleep duration | 0.8 (0.8) | 0.8 (0.8) | 1.1 (1.0) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.9) | 0.9 (0.8) |
| Habitual sleep efficiency | 0.9 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.3) | 1.2 (1.2) | 0.8 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.3) | 1.0 (1.2) |
| Sleep disturbances | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.6) | 1.7 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.6) |
| Use of sleeping medication | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.7 (1.2) | 0.6 (1.0) |
| Daytime dysfunction | 1.0 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.7 (0.6) | 0.7 (0.5) |
| Predicted VO2 peak (ml/kg/min) | 24.8 (6.3)* | 31.0 (5.6) | 24.9 (5.5)* | 30.7 (4.4) | 19.2 (6.9) | 18.3 (6.8) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 (4.0) | 27.4 (4.0) | 28.1 (3.7) | 27.9 (3.5) | 29.5 (6.0) | 29.7 (6.3) |
| PSS | 13.3 (6.0) | 11.8 (5.7) | 14.2 (5.8) | 12.6 (6.5) | 13.6 (5.1) | 12.3 (6.2) |
| MoCA | 25.5 (3.1) | 26.0 (2.9) | 26.1 (3.1) | 25.9 (3.2) | 26.3 (2.5) | 25.5 (2.7) |
*
Significantly different from STRETCH (p < 0.050).
Sex is presented as percentage of females; all other data is presented as mean (SD). ANOVAs revealed a main effect of exercise group on cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.016), such that HIIT and MICT had significantly higher VO2 peak at baseline than STRETCH (HIIT vs. STRETCH: p = 0.015; MICT vs. STRETCH: p = 0.011), but there was no significant difference between HIIT and MICT (p = 0.95). BMI, Body Mass Index; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale.