FIGURE 3.

Cytoskeleton rearrangements during T cell migration. (A) Schematic representation of migrating T cell polarization involving the orchestrated rearrangement of both the actin and the microtubule cytoskeletons. At the cell front, chemokine stimulation induces the activation of the Arp2/3 effector complex that leads to actin polymerization and branching necessary for lamellipodium extension. At the rear, RhoA-dependent phosphorylation of ERM proteins induces their selective segregation to the uropod, where they recruit transmembrane adhesion molecules. (B) Fluorescence confocal microcopy image of a CEM T cell polarized in response to the chemokine SDF-1. F-actin (red), microtubules (green), and phosphorylated ERMs (white) are shown.