Stimulation of enzymes |
ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), phosphomannose mutase 2 (PMM2), phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-5-kinase (PIKfyve), serine/threonine kinase WNK4, ERK2, mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3), stress-activated kinase (SEK1), B-Raf kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), p53-ubiquitinating MDM2 Notch1-IC protein degrading Fbw7 |
Firestone et al., 2003; Lang and Stournaras, 2013
|
Stimulation of transcription factors |
CREB, AP-1, p53 tumor suppressor protein, CBFA1, MSX2, SOX9 |
Terada et al., 2008; Rotte et al., 2011; Borst et al., 2012; Eylenstein et al., 2012; Lang and Stournaras, 2013; Firestone et al., 2003; Lang et al., 2006, 2018. |
Inhibition of transcription factors |
NFκB, p53, forkhead box O3a- protein (FOXO3a) |
Murakami et al., 2010; Lang and Stournaras, 2013. Dehner et al., 2008; Lang and Stournaras, 2013; Sahin et al., 2013. |
Ion channels |
epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), voltage-gated Na+ channels (SCN5A), acid sensing (ASIC1) Na+ channels, renal outer medullary K+ channels (ROMK1) voltage-gated K+ channels KCNE1/KCNQ1, KCNQ4, voltage-gated K+ channels Kv1.3, Kv1.5, Kv7.2/3, Kv4.3, voltage-gated K+ channels hERG, Ca2+release-activated Ca2+ channel ORAI and its stimulator STIM, transient receptor potential channels (TRPV4, TRPV5, TRPV6), kainate receptor GluR6, unselective cation channel 4F2/LAT, ClCka/barttin Cl– channels, ClC2 Cl– channels, CFTR Cl– channels, VSOAC Cl– channels |
Giebisch, 1998; Arteaga and Canessa, 2005; Seebohm et al., 2005; Lang et al., 2006; Lang and Shumilina, 2013. |
Carriers and pumps |
Na+,K+,2Cl– cotransporters (NKCC2), NaCl cotransporter (NCC), Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE1, NHE3), facilitative (GLUT1, GLUT4), Na+-coupled (SGLT1) glucose transporters, amino acid (ASCT2, SN1, B(0)AT1, EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3, EAAT4, EAAT5) peptide (PepT) transporters, Na+,dicarboxylate cotransporter (NaDC-1), creatine transporter (CreaT), Na+,myoinositol cotransporter (SMIT), phosphate carriers (NaPiIIa, NaPiIIb), Na+/K+-ATPase, albumin uptake |
Lang et al., 2006, 2014. Lang et al., 2006; Lang and Stournaras, 2013. |
Signaling molecules etc., |
nephrin, type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A), Ca2+-regulated heat-stable protein of apparent molecular mass 24 kDa (CRHSP24), adaptor precursor (APP) Fe65, NDRG1 and NDRG2, myosin-Vc, filamin C, microtubule-associated protein tau, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1), huntingtin |
McCaig et al., 2011; Ohashi et al., 2011; Lang and Stournaras, 2013; Sahin et al., 2013; Voelkl et al., 2015; Lang et al., 2018. |