Table 2.
Association of cardiac biomarker with all-cause mortality
| Cardiac biomarker | Number at risk (n events) | Model 0 |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 (combined analysis) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Continuous predictors | |||||||||
| Log(NT-proBNP) per 1 SD (1.71) increase | 2.48 (2.29–2.69) | <0.0001 | 1.95 (1.77–2.15) | <0.0001 | 1.92 (1.73–2.12) | <0.0001 | 1.76 (1.59–1.95) | <0.0001 | |
| Log(hsTnT) per 1 SD (0.82) increase | 1.96 (1.83–2.09) | <0.0001 | 1.66 (1.52–1.81) | <0.0001 | 1.62 (1.48–1.78) | <0.0001 | 1.49 (1.36–1.63) | <0.0001 | |
| Log(GDF-15) per 1 SD (0.59) increase | 2.24 (2.09–2.40) | <0.0001 | 1.69 (1.53–1.86) | <0.0001 | 1.61 (1.46–1.78) | <0.0001 | 1.49 (1.34–1.65) | <0.0001 | |
| Log(sST-2) per 1 SD (0.56) increase | 1.50 (1.39–1.62) | <0.0001 | 1.31 (1.20–1.42) | <0.0001 | 1.26 (1.16–1.37) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (1.07–1.25) | 0.0003 | |
| Categorical predictors | |||||||||
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | |||||||||
| (Reference: ≤37.1) | 733 (56) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
| 37.2–92.5 | 733 (98) | 1.83 (1.32–2.55) | <0.0001 | 1.48 (1.06–2.06) | <0.0001 | 1.47 (1.05–2.06) | <0.0001 | 1.49 (1.06–2.08) | <0.0001 |
| 92.6–199 | 732 (142) | 2.71 (1.99–3.69) | 1.76 (1.28–2.43) | 1.75 (1.26–2.42) | 1.69 (1.22–2.33) | ||||
| 199.1–497 | 733 (236) | 4.97 (3.71–6.65) | 2.80 (2.04–3.84) | 2.81 (2.04–3.87) | 2.54 (1.83–3.51) | ||||
| >497 | 733 (386) | 10.36 (7.80–13.76) | 4.71 (3.41–6.49) | 4.51 (3.24–6.27) | 3.88 (2.78–5.43) | ||||
| hsTnT, pg/ml | |||||||||
| (Reference: ≤10) | 1154 (99) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
| 10.1–16.2 | 833 (159) | 2.39 (1.86–3.06) | <0.0001 | 1.61 (1.24–2.09) | <0.0001 | 1.58 (1.22–2.04) | <0.0001 | 1.56 (1.21–2.02) | <0.0001 |
| 16.3–27.8 | 834 (260) | 4.34 (3.44–5.46) | 2.41 (1.86–3.12) | 2.33 (1.80–3.02) | 2.21 (1.70–2.86) | ||||
| >27.8 | 843 (400) | 7.82 (6.27–9.75) | 3.67 (2.79–4.82) | 3.43 (2.60–4.52) | 2.90 (2.19–3.84) | ||||
| GDF-15 | |||||||||
| (Reference: ≤906) | 733 (48) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
| 907–1280 | 733 (88) | 1.92 (1.35–2.73) | <0.0001 | 1.23 (0.85–1.77) | <0.0001 | 1.19 (0.83–1.71) | <0.0001 | 1.20 (0.83–1.73) | <0.0001 |
| 1281–1720 | 732 (163) | 3.76 (2.73–5.19) | 1.90 (1.35–2.67) | 1.80 (1.28–2.54) | 1.80 (1.28–2.54) | ||||
| 1721–2410 | 733 (267) | 7.03 (5.17–9.57) | 2.82 (1.99–3.99) | 2.64 (1.86–3.73) | 2.58 (1.81–3.67) | ||||
| >2410 | 733 (352) | 10.77 (7.95–14.6) | 3.86 (2.69–5.55) | 3.49 (2.42–5.01) | 3.11 (2.15–4.51) | ||||
| sST-2 | |||||||||
| (Reference: ≤10.5) | 733 (114) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
| 10.6–13.6 | 733 (146) | 1.33 (1.04–1.69) | <0.0001 | 1.05 (0.82–1.35) | <0.0001 | 1.06 (0.83–1.35) | <0.0001 | 1.07 (0.84–1.37) | 0.02 |
| 13.7–17.2 | 734 (163) | 1.54 (1.21–1.96) | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) | 1.14 (0.90–1.45) | 1.12 (0.88–1.43) | ||||
| 17.3–22.9 | 731 (231) | 2.33 (1.86–2.91) | 1.51 (1.20–1.90) | 1.48 (1.18–1.87) | 1.38 (1.10–1.74) | ||||
| >22.9 | 733 (264) | 2.79 (2.24–3.47) | 1.67 (1.32–2.11) | 1.56 (1.23–1.97) | 1.32 (1.04–1.68) | ||||
CI, confidence interval; GDF-15, growth differentiation factor−15; HR, hazard ratio; hsTnT, high-sensitivity troponin T; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; sST-2, soluble ST-2.
Model 0: unadjusted. Model 1: age, sex, race/ethnicity, site, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, log-transformed 24-hour urinary protein.. Model 2: Model 1 + fibroblast growth factor−23, phosphorus, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics. Model 3: Model 2 + alternative cardiac biomarker.